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<h1><center>shell三剑客</h1></center>
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------
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## 一：非交互式编辑器Sed
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#### 1.sed介绍
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sed 是一种在线的、非交互式的编辑器，它一次处理一行内容。处理时，把当前处理的行存储在临时缓冲区中，称为“模式空间”（pattern space），接着用sed命令处理缓冲区中的内容，处理完成后，把缓冲区的内容送往屏幕。接着处理下一行，这样不断重复，直到文件末尾。文件内容并没有改变，除非你使用重定向存储输出；Sed主要用来自动编辑一个或多个文件；简化对文件的反复操作；编写转换程序等
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#### 2.语法格式
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```shell
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sed [options] 'command' in_file[s]
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```
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options部分
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```
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-n 静默输出(不打印默认输出) sed -n '1p' a.txt 想显示第几行就显示第几行
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-e 给予sed多个命令的时候需要-e选项
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#sed -e 's/root/haha/g' -e 's/bash/wwwww/g' passwd > passwd.bak
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如果不用-e选项也可以用分号“;”把多个命令隔开。
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#sed 's/haha/ro/g ; s/wwwww/kkkk/g' passwd | less 这个是-e的结果
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-i -i后面没有扩展名的话直接修改文件，如果有扩展名备份源文件，产生以扩展名结尾的新文件
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#sed -iback1 -e 's/root/rottt/g' -e 's/bash/wwwww/g' passwd //选项-i后面没有空格
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[root@localhost 桌面]# ls
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manifest.txt passwdback1
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-f 当有多个要编辑的项目时，可以将编辑命令放进一个脚本里，再使用sed搭配-f选项
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[root@localhost 桌面]# cat s.sed
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s/bin/a/g
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s/ftp/b/g
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s/mail/c/g
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[root@localhost 桌面]# sed -f s.sed passwd | less
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```
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注意：
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基本正则 sed
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扩展正则 sed -r 无论是扩展正则还是基本正则，全部加r参数
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command部分
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```shell
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p 打印行 1p 输出再打印一遍第一行 1~2 打印奇数 0~2打印偶数
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d 删除文本
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#sed '1 d' passwd
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#sed '$ d' passwd
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#sed '1,3 d' passwd
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#sed '1,/^dian/ d' passwd
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a 追加文本(后)
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#sed '2 a nihao' passwd
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#sed '/^dian/ a nihao' passwd
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i 前插
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# sed -i '1 i nihao' passwd
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c 替换 sed '/zhong/c abc' 将zhong这一行替换成abc
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#sed -i '1 c no' passwd
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```
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#### 3.sed案例
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```shell
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1. sed可以从stdin中读取内容
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$ cat filename | sed 's/pattern/replace_string/'
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2. 选项-i会使得sed用修改后的数据替换原文件
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$ sed -i 's/pattern/replace_string/' filename
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3. g标记可以使sed执行全局替换
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$ sed 's/pattern/replace_string/g' filename
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4. g标记可以使sed匹配第N次以后的字符被替换
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$ echo "thisthisthisthis" | sed 's/this/THIS/2g'
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5. sed中的分隔符可以替换成别的字符, 因为s标识会认为后面的字符为分隔符
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$ sed 's:text:replace_text:'
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$ sed 's|text|replace_text|'
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6. sed可以利用指令来删除文件中的空行
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$ sed '/^$/d' filename
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7. 替换指定的字符串或数字
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$ cat sed_data.txt
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11 abc 111 this 9 file contains 111 11 99 numbers 0000
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$ sed -i 's/\b[0-9]\{3\}\b/NUMBER/g' sed_data.txt
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$ cat sed_data.txt
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11 abc NUMBER this 9 file contains NUMBER 11 99 numbers 0000
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8. 由于在使用-i参数时比较危险, 所以我们在使用i参数时在后面加上.bak就会产生一个备份的文件,以防后悔
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$ sed -i.bak 's/pattern/replace_string/' filename
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```
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## 二：文本处理awk
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#### 1.awk介绍
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awk 是一种编程语言，用于在linux/unix下对文本和数据进行处理。数据可以来自标准输入、一个或多个文件，或其它命令的输出。它支持用户自定义函数和动态正则表达式等先进功能，是linux/unix下的一个强大编程工具。它在命令行中使用，但更多是作为脚本来使用。awk的处理文本和数据的方式是这样的，它逐行扫描文件，从第一行到最后一行，寻找匹配的特定模式的行，并在这些行上进行你想要的操作。如果没有指定处理动作，则把匹配的行显示到标准输出(屏幕)，如果没有指定模式，则所有被操作所指定的行都被处理。awk分别代表其作者姓氏的第一个字母。因为它的作者是三个人，分别是Alfred Aho、Brian Kernighan、Peter Weinberger。gawk是awk的GNU版本，它提供了Bell实验室和GNU的一些扩展
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#### 2.语法格式
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```shell
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awk [options] 'commands' filenames
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```
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options部分
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```shell
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POSIX options: GNU long options: (standard)
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-f progfile --file=progfile 指定awk脚本文件
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-F fs --field-separator=fs 定义输入字段分隔符，默认的分隔符是空格或制表符(tab)
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-v var=val --assign=var=val 定义变量并赋值
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```
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command部分
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```shell
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awk BEGIN{} {} END{} 文件
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BEGIN{} {} END{}
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行处理前 行处理 行处理后
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```
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BEGIN{} 所有文本内容读入之前要执行的命令 可以不需要后面跟文件，因为他是在读入文件之前的操作
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{} 主输入循环 读入一行命令执行一次循环
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END{} 所有文本都读入完成之后执行的命令 必须要读入文件，因为他是在读入文件之后的操作
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案例：
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```shell
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# awk 'BEGIN{print 1/2} {print "ok"} END{print "-----------"}' /etc/hosts
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0.5
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ok
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ok
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ok
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-----------
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BEGIN{} 通常用于定义一些变量，例如BEGIN{FS=":";OFS="---"}
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```
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常用案例：
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```shell
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awk 'pattern' filename 示例：awk -F: '/root/' /etc/passwd
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awk '{action}' filename 示例：awk -F: '{print $1}' /etc/passwd
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awk 'pattern {action}' filename 示例：awk -F: '/root/{print $1,$3}' /etc/passwd
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示例：awk 'BEGIN{FS=":"} /root/{print $1,$3}' /etc/passwd
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command |awk 'pattern {action}' 示例：df -P| grep '/' |awk '$4 > 25000 {print $4}'
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```
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#### 3.工作原理
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```shell
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[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '{print $1,$3}' /etc/passwd
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(1)awk使用一行作为输入，并将这一行赋给内部变量$0，每一行也可称为一个记录，以换行符结束
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root : x : 0 : 0 : root : /root : /bin/bash
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7
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(2)然后，行被:（默认为空格或制表符）分解成字段（或域），每个字段存储在已编号的变量中，从$1开始，最多达100个字段
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(3)awk如何知道用空格来分隔字段的呢？ 因为有一个内部变量FS来确定字段分隔符。初始时，FS赋为空格
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(4)awk打印字段时，将以设置的方法使用print函数打印，awk在打印的字段间加上空格，因为$1,$3之间有一个逗号。逗号比较特殊，它映射为另一个内部变量，称为输出字段分隔符OFS，OFS默认为空格
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(5)awk输出之后，将从文件中获取另一行，并将其存储在$0中，覆盖原来的内容，然后将新的字符串分隔成字段并进行处理。该过程将持续到所有行处理完毕
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```
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#### 4.内建变量
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```shell
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$0： awk变量$0保存当前记录的内容
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[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '{print $0}' /etc/passwd
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NR： The total number of input records seen so far.
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[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '{print NR, $0}' /etc/passwd /etc/hosts
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FNR： The input record number in the current input file
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[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '{print FNR, $0}' /etc/passwd /etc/hosts
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NF： 保存记录的字段数，$1,$2...$100
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[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '{print $0,NF}' /etc/passwd
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FS： 输入字段分隔符，默认空格
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[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '/alice/{print $1, $3}' /etc/passwd
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[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F'[ :\t]' '{print $1,$2,$3}' /etc/passwd
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[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk 'BEGIN{FS=":"} {print $1,$3}' /etc/passwd
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OFS： 输出字段分隔符
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[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '/alice/{print $1,$2,$3,$4}' /etc/passwd
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[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk 'BEGIN{FS=":"; OFS="+++"} /^root/{print $1,$2,$3,$4}' passwd
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RS The input record separator, by default a newline. 默认是回车
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[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: 'BEGIN{RS=" "} {print $0}' a.txt
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ORS The output record separator, by default a newline.
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[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: 'BEGIN{ORS=""} {print $0}' passwd
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```
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注意：
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字段分隔符: FS OFS 默认空格或制表符
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记录分隔符: RS ORS 默认换行符
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案例：
|
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|
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```shell
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[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk 'BEGIN{ORS=" "} {print $0}' /etc/passwd
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#将文件每一行合并为一行
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ORS默认输出一条记录应该回车，加了一个空格
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[root@xingdiancloud ~]# head -1 /etc/passwd > passwd1
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[root@xingdiancloud ~]# cat passwd1
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root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
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[root@xingdiancloud ~]#
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[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk 'BEGIN{RS=":"} {print $0}' passwd1
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root
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x
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0
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0
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root
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/root
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/bin/bash
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[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk 'BEGIN{RS=":"} {print $0}' passwd1 |grep -v '^$' > passwd2
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```
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#### 5.格式化输出
|
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print函数
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```shell
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[root@xingdiancloud ~]# date |awk '{print "Month: " $2 "\nYear: " $NF}'
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[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '{print "username is: " $1 "\t uid is: " $3}' /etc/passwd
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[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '{print "\tusername and uid: " $1,$3 "!"}' /etc/passwd
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```
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printf函数
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```shell
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[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '{printf "%-15s %-10s %-15s\n", $1,$2,$3}' /etc/passwd
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[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '{printf "|%-15s| %-10s| %-15s|\n", $1,$2,$3}' /etc/passwd
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%s 字符类型
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%d 数值类型
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%f 浮点类型
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占15字符
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- 表示左对齐，默认是右对齐
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printf默认不会在行尾自动换行，加\n
|
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```
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#### 6.awk模式和动作
|
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|
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任何awk语句都由模式和动作组成。模式部分决定动作语句何时触发及触发事件。处理即对数据进行的操作。如果省略模式部分，动作将时刻保持执行状态。模式可以是任何条件语句或复合语句或正则表达式。模式包括两个特殊字段 BEGIN和END。使用BEGIN语句设置计数和打印头。BEGIN语句使用在任何文本浏览动作之前，之后文本浏览动作依据输入文本开始执行。END语句用来在awk完成文本浏览动作后打印输出文本总数和结尾状态
|
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|
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##### 模式
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正则表达式
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```shell
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匹配记录（整行）：~匹配
|
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[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '/^alice/' /etc/passwd
|
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[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '$0 ~ /^alice/' /etc/passwd
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[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '!/alice/' passwd
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[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '$0 !~ /^alice/' /etc/passwd
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匹配字段：匹配操作符（~ !~）
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[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '$1 ~ /^alice/' /etc/passwd
|
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[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '$NF !~ /bash$/' /etc/passw
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
比较表达式
|
||||
|
||||
比较表达式采用对文本进行比较，只有当条件为真，才执行指定的动作。比较表达式使用关系运算符，用于比较数字与字符串
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
运算符 含义 示例
|
||||
< 小于 x<y
|
||||
<= 小于或等于 x<=y
|
||||
== 等于 x==y
|
||||
!= 不等于 x!=y
|
||||
>= 大于等于 x>=y
|
||||
> 大于 x>y
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '$3 == 0' /etc/passwd
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '$3 < 10' /etc/passwd
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '$NF == "/bin/bash"' /etc/passwd
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '$1 == "alice"' /etc/passwd
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '$1 ~ /alic/ ' /etc/passwd
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '$1 !~ /alic/ ' /etc/passwd
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# df -P | grep '/' |awk '$4 > 25000'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
条件表达式
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '$3>300 {print $0}' /etc/passwd
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '{ if($3>300) {print $0} }' /etc/passwd
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '{ if($3>300) {print $3} else{print $1} }' /etc/passwd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
算术运算
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
+ - * / %(模) ^(幂2^3)
|
||||
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '$3 * 10 > 500' /etc/passwd
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '{ if($3*10>500){print $0} }' /etc/passwd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
逻辑操作符和复合模式
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
&& 逻辑与 a&&b
|
||||
|| 逻辑或 a||b
|
||||
! 逻辑非 !a 除了这个以外的
|
||||
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '$1~/root/ && $3<=15' /etc/passwd
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '$1~/root/ || $3<=15' /etc/passwd
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '!($1~/root/ || $3<=15)' /etc/passwd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
##### 示例
|
||||
|
||||
```ini
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '/west/' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '/^north/' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '$3 ~ /^north/' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '/^(no|so)/' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '{print $3,$2}' datafile
|
||||
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '{print $3 $2}' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '{print $0}' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '/northeast/{print $3,$2}' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '/E/' datafile
|
||||
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '/^[ns]/{print $1}' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '$5 ~ /\.[7-9]+/' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '$2 !~ /E/{print $1,$2}' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '$3 ~ /^Joel/{print $3 " is a nice boy."}' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '$8 ~ /[0-9][0-9]$/{print $8}' datafile
|
||||
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '$4 ~ /Chin$/{print "The price is $" $8 "."}' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '/Tj/{print $0}' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '{print $1}' /etc/passwd
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '{print $1}' /etc/passwd
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '{print "Number of fields: "NF}' /etc/passwd
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '{print "Number of fields: "NF}' /etc/passwd
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F"[ :]" '{print NF}' /etc/passwd
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F"[ :]+" '{print NF}' /etc/passwd
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '$7 == 5' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '$2 == "CT" {print $1, $2}' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '$7 != 5' datafile
|
||||
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# cat b.txt
|
||||
xingdian sheng:is a::good boy!
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '{print NF}' b.txt
|
||||
4
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '{print NF}' b.txt
|
||||
4
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F"[ :]" '{print NF}' b.txt
|
||||
7
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F"[ :]+" '{print NF}' b.txt
|
||||
6
|
||||
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '$7 < 5 {print $4, $7}' datafile #{if($7<5){print $4,$7}}
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '$6 > 9 {print $1,$6}' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '$8 <= 17 {print $8}' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '$8 >= 17 {print $8}' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '$8 > 10 && $8 < 17' datafile
|
||||
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '$2 == "NW" || $1 ~ /south/ {print $1, $2}' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '!($8 == 13){print $8}' datafile #$8 != 13
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '/southem/{print $5 + 10}' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '/southem/{print $8 + 10}' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '/southem/{print $5 + 10.56}' datafile
|
||||
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '/southem/{print $8 - 10}' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '/southem/{print $8 / 2 }' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '/southem/{print $8 / 3 }' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '/southem/{print $8 * 2 }' datafile
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 7.脚本编程-条件判断
|
||||
|
||||
if语句
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
{if(表达式)｛语句;语句;...｝}
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '{if($3==0) {print $1 " is administrator."}}' /etc/passwd
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '{if($3>0 && $3<1000){count++;}} END{print count}' /etc/passwd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
if...else语句
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
{if(表达式)｛语句;语句;...｝else{语句;语句;...}}
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '{if($3==0){print $1} else {print $7}}' /etc/passwd
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '{if($3==0) {count++} else{i++} }' /etc/passwd
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '{if($3==0){count++} else{i++}} END{print "管理员个数: "count ; print "系统用户数: "i}' /etc/passwd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
if...else if...else语句
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
{if(表达式1)｛语句;语句；...｝else if(表达式2)｛语句;语句；...｝else if(表达式3)｛语句;语句；...｝else｛语句;语句；...｝
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '{if($3==0){i++} else if($3>999){k++} else{j++}} END{print i; print k; print j}' /etc/passwd
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '{if($3==0){i++} else if($3>999){k++} else{j++}} END{print "管理员个数: "i; print "普通用个数: "k; print "系统用户: "j}' /etc/passwd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 8.脚本编程-循环
|
||||
|
||||
while：
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk 'BEGIN{ i=1; while(i<=10){print i; i++} }'
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '/^root/{i=1; while(i<=7){print $i; i++}}' passwd
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '{i=1; while(i<=NF){print $i; i++}}' /etc/hosts
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '{i=1; while(i<=10) {print $0; i++}}' /etc/passwd //将每行打印10次
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# cat b.txt
|
||||
111 222
|
||||
333 444 555
|
||||
666 777 888 999
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk '{i=1; while(i<=NF){print $i; i++}}' b.txt //分别打印每行的每列
|
||||
111
|
||||
222
|
||||
333
|
||||
444
|
||||
555
|
||||
666
|
||||
777
|
||||
888
|
||||
999
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
for：
|
||||
|
||||
```she
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk 'BEGIN{for(i=1;i<=5;i++){print i} }' //C风格for
|
||||
1
|
||||
2
|
||||
3
|
||||
4
|
||||
5
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '{ for(i=1;i<=10;i++) {print $0} }' /etc/passwd //将每行打印10次
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '{ for(i=1;i<=NF;i++) {print $i} }' passwd //分别打印每行的每列
|
||||
root
|
||||
x
|
||||
0
|
||||
0
|
||||
root
|
||||
/root
|
||||
/bin/bash
|
||||
bin
|
||||
x
|
||||
1
|
||||
1
|
||||
bin
|
||||
/bin
|
||||
/sbin/nologin
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 9.脚本编程-数组
|
||||
|
||||
案例一：
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '{username[i++]=$1} END{print username[1]}' /etc/passwd
|
||||
bin
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '{username[i++]=$1} END{print username[0]}' /etc/passwd
|
||||
root
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
数组遍历:
|
||||
|
||||
按元素个数遍历
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '{username[x++]=$1} END{for(i=0;i<x;i++) print i,username[i]}' /etc/passwd
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '{username[++x]=$1} END{for(i=1;i<=x;i++) print i,username[i]}' /etc/passwd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
按索引遍历
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '{username[x++]=$1} END{for(i in username) {print i,username[i]} }' /etc/passwd
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk -F: '{username[++x]=$1} END{for(i in username) {print i,username[i]} }' /etc/passwd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
综合案例：
|
||||
|
||||
统计/etc/passwd中各种类型shell的数量(统计谁把谁当作索引)
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# awk 'BEGIN{FS=":"} {shells[$NF]++} END{for(i in shells){print i,shells[i]}}' /etc/passwd
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
统计TCP不同状态的数量
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# netstat -ant |grep tcp |awk '{access_stat[$NF]++} END{for(i in access_stat ){print i,access_stat[i]}}'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 三：文本过滤grep
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1.grep介绍
|
||||
|
||||
grep: 在文件中全局查找指定的正则表达式，并打印所有包含该表达式的行
|
||||
|
||||
egrep: 扩展的egrep，支持更多的正则表达式元字符
|
||||
|
||||
fgrep: 固定grep(fixed grep)，有时也被称作快速(fast grep)，它按字面解释所有的字符(了解)
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2.语法格式
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
grep [选项] PATTERN filename filename ...
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
案例：
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# grep 'Tom' /etc/passwd
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# grep 'bash shell' /etc/test
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
注意：
|
||||
|
||||
找到： grep返回的退出状态为0
|
||||
没找到： grep返回的退出状态为1
|
||||
找不到指定文件： grep返回的退出状态为2
|
||||
|
||||
来自标准输入或管道：
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# ps aux |grep 'sshd'
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# ll |grep '^d'
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# grep 'alice' /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/group
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2.使用元字符
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
grep: 使用基本元字符集 ^, $, ., *, [], [^], \< \>,\(\),\{\}, \+, \|
|
||||
egrep(或grep -E): 使用扩展元字符集 ?, +, { }, |, ( )
|
||||
注：grep也可以使用扩展集中的元字符，仅需要对这些元字符前置一个反斜线
|
||||
|
||||
\w 所有字母与数字，称为字符[a-zA-Z0-9] 'l[a-zA-Z0-9]*ve' 'l\w*ve'
|
||||
\W 所有字母与数字之外的字符，称为非字符 'love[^a-zA-Z0-9]+' 'love\W+'
|
||||
\b 词边界 '\<love\>' '\blove\b'
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3.grep示例
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# egrep 'N\W' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# egrep '^n' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# egrep '4$' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# egrep '5\..' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# egrep '\.5' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# egrep '^[we]' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# egrep '[^0-9]' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# egrep '[A-Z][A-Z] [A-Z]' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# egrep 'ss* ' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# egrep '[a-z]{9}' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# egrep '\<north' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# egrep '\<north\>' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# egrep '\<[a-r].*n\>' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# egrep '^n\w*\W' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# egrep '\bnorth\b' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# egrep '3+' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# egrep '2\.?[0-9]' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# egrep '(no)+' datafile
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# egrep 'S(h|u)' datafile
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4.grep参数
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
-i, --ignore-case 忽略大小写
|
||||
-l, --files-with-matches 只列出匹配行所在的文件名
|
||||
-n, --line-number 在每一行前面加上它在文件中的相对行号
|
||||
-c, --count 显示成功匹配的行数
|
||||
-s, --no-messages 禁止显示文件不存在或文件不可读的错误信息
|
||||
-q, --quiet, --silent 静默--quiet, --silent
|
||||
-v, --invert-match 反向查找，只显示不匹配的行
|
||||
-R, -r, --recursive 递归针对目录
|
||||
--color 颜色
|
||||
-o, --only-matching 只显示匹配的内容
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
示例：
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# grep -R 'ifcfg' /etc 目录
|
||||
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# egrep 'root' /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/hosts
|
||||
/etc/passwd:root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
|
||||
/etc/passwd:operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
|
||||
/etc/shadow:root:$6$gcO6Vp4t$OX9LmVgpjtur67UQdUYfw7vJW.78.uRXCLIxw4mBk82Z99:7:::
|
||||
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# egrep -l 'root' /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/hosts
|
||||
/etc/passwd
|
||||
/etc/shadow
|
||||
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# egrep -n 'root' /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/hosts
|
||||
/etc/passwd:1:root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
|
||||
/etc/passwd:11:operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
|
||||
/etc/shadow:1:root:$6$gcO6Vp4t$OX9LmVgpjtur67UQdUy8.M78.uRXCLIxw4mBk82ZrNlxyf54
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# egrep -R '54:04:A6:CE:C2:1F' /etc/sysconfig/
|
||||
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# egrep '^IPADDR' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 |egrep -o '[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}'
|
||||
192.168.2.254
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# egrep '^IPADDR' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 |egrep -o '([0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}'
|
||||
192.168.2.254
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
|
|||
<h1><center>shell函数</center></h1>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
------
|
||||
|
||||
## 一：函数
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1.函数介绍
|
||||
|
||||
Shell 函数的本质是一段可以重复使用的脚本代码，这段代码被提前编写好了，放在了指定的位置，使用时直接调取即可
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2.语法格式
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
function name() {
|
||||
statements
|
||||
[return value]
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
function是 Shell 中的关键字，专门用来定义函数（可以省略）
|
||||
|
||||
name是函数名
|
||||
|
||||
statements是函数要执行的代码，也就是一组命令
|
||||
|
||||
return value表示函数的返回值，其中 return 是 Shell 关键字，专门用在函数中返回一个值（可以省略）
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3.函数定义
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
myfunc(){
|
||||
echo "This is a new function"
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4.函数调用
|
||||
|
||||
直接用函数名字调用函数
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5.函数传参
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# cat hello.sh
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
hello(){
|
||||
echo $1
|
||||
}
|
||||
hello xingdian
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# bash hello.sh
|
||||
xingdian
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6.函数变量
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# cat hello.sh
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
i=0
|
||||
echo "$a"
|
||||
hello(){
|
||||
a=1
|
||||
local d=3
|
||||
echo "$i $a $b $c $d"
|
||||
}
|
||||
hello
|
||||
b=2
|
||||
echo "$a $d"
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# bash hello.sh
|
||||
|
||||
0 1 3
|
||||
1
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
注意：
|
||||
|
||||
默认，函数里的变量会在函数外面生效
|
||||
|
||||
注意脚本中内容按上下文顺序执行
|
||||
|
||||
local定义的变量只在函数内生效
|
||||
|
||||
#### 7.调用函数
|
||||
|
||||
创建功能函数
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# cat hello.sh
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
hello(){
|
||||
echo "This is one"
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
另一个脚本调用该脚本中函数
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# cat xingdian.sh
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
source ./hello.sh
|
||||
hello
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# bash xingdian.sh
|
||||
This is one
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 8.函数案例
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
#v1.24.5.27.1
|
||||
#作者：行癫
|
||||
|
||||
list()
|
||||
{
|
||||
echo "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"
|
||||
echo "+++++++ 百宝箱 ++++++++"
|
||||
echo "+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"
|
||||
echo "|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||"
|
||||
echo "================================="
|
||||
echo "= 1.yum仓库初始化 ="
|
||||
echo "= 2.上课笔记工具安装 ="
|
||||
echo "= 3.kvm虚拟机安装 ="
|
||||
echo "= 4.vmware虚拟机安装 ="
|
||||
echo "= 5.vs code安装 ="
|
||||
echo "= 6.google浏览器安装 ="
|
||||
echo "= 7.vnc-server的安装 ="
|
||||
echo "= 8.一键安装所有 ="
|
||||
echo "= 9.退出 ="
|
||||
echo "================================="
|
||||
}
|
||||
yum-install(){
|
||||
echo "====正在执行yum初始化操作请耐心等待！===="
|
||||
rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*
|
||||
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo > /dev/null
|
||||
yum -y install wget > /dev/null
|
||||
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
|
||||
echo "====正在清空缓存，请耐心等待！===="
|
||||
yum clean all
|
||||
echo "====正在重新加载，请耐心等待！===="
|
||||
yum makecache
|
||||
echo "====successed===="
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
cherrytree(){
|
||||
echo "====正在进行安装......====="
|
||||
yum -y install cherrytree > /dev/null
|
||||
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
|
||||
echo "====successed===="
|
||||
else
|
||||
echo "==== failed ===="
|
||||
echo "====检查网络和yum仓库===="
|
||||
exit
|
||||
fi
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
kvm-install(){
|
||||
echo "====正在安装kvm虚拟机===="
|
||||
yum -y install libvirt* virt-manager >> /dev/null && yum -y groupinstall 'Virtualization Host' >> /dev/null
|
||||
echo "==== successed ===="
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
vmware-install(){
|
||||
echo "====请将vmware安装包放到当前目录下===="
|
||||
chmod +x
|
||||
echo "......."
|
||||
echo "..........."
|
||||
echo ".................100%"
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
data=`date | awk '{print $4}'`
|
||||
read -p "当前时间为${data},你是否要进行电脑初始化，继续请按回车(已记录你的初始时间)："
|
||||
|
||||
ping -c1 www.baidu.com 1> /dev/null
|
||||
|
||||
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
|
||||
echo "网络状况良好，请继续～"
|
||||
else
|
||||
echo "网络状况不佳，检查网络～"
|
||||
exit
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
echo "xingdian" > user.txt
|
||||
echo "dianye" > password.txt
|
||||
|
||||
read -p "欢迎使用行癫工具箱，进行安装部署操作："
|
||||
|
||||
read -p "请输入用户名：" name
|
||||
|
||||
username=`cat user.txt | awk '{print $1}'`
|
||||
passwd=`cat password.txt | awk '{print $1}'`
|
||||
|
||||
if [ "${name}" == "${username}" ];then
|
||||
read -p "请输入密码：" password
|
||||
if [ "${password}" == "${passwd}" ];then
|
||||
echo "登陆成功，进入工具箱"
|
||||
while :
|
||||
do
|
||||
list
|
||||
read -p "请选择你要使用的工具代码：" num
|
||||
case $num in
|
||||
1)
|
||||
yum-install
|
||||
sleep 3
|
||||
;;
|
||||
2)
|
||||
cherrytree
|
||||
sleep 3
|
||||
;;
|
||||
3)
|
||||
;;
|
||||
4)
|
||||
;;
|
||||
9)
|
||||
break
|
||||
;;
|
||||
esac
|
||||
done
|
||||
data2=`date | awk '{print $4}'`
|
||||
echo "结束时间为${data2};感谢您的使用!"
|
||||
else
|
||||
echo "用户名密码错误，请重新执行脚本！"
|
||||
exit
|
||||
fi
|
||||
else
|
||||
echo "用户名输入错误，请重新输入！"
|
||||
exit
|
||||
fis
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
|
|||
<h1><center>Shell变量</center></h1>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
------
|
||||
|
||||
## 一：变量概述
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1.什么是变量
|
||||
|
||||
变量来源于数学，是计算机语言中能储存计算结果或能表示值的抽象概念
|
||||
|
||||
变量可以通过变量名访问，在指令式语言中，变量通常是可变的；在某些条件下也是不可变的
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2.变量的规则
|
||||
|
||||
命名只能使用英文字母，数字和下划线，首个字符不能以数字开头
|
||||
|
||||
中间不能有空格，可以使用下划线
|
||||
|
||||
不能使用标点符号
|
||||
|
||||
不能使用bash里的关键字
|
||||
|
||||
## 二：变量分类
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1.自定义变量
|
||||
|
||||
定义变量：变量名=变量值 例如：xingdian=123
|
||||
|
||||
引用变量：$变量名 或 ${变量名}
|
||||
|
||||
查看变量：echo $变量名
|
||||
|
||||
取消变量：unset 变量名
|
||||
|
||||
作用范围：仅在当前shell中有效
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2.环境变量
|
||||
|
||||
定义环境变量：
|
||||
|
||||
方法一 export back_dir2=/home/backup
|
||||
|
||||
方法二 export back_dir1 将自定义变量转换成环境变量
|
||||
|
||||
引用环境变量：$变量名 或 ${变量名}
|
||||
|
||||
查看环境变量：echo $变量名
|
||||
|
||||
取消环境变量：unset 变量名
|
||||
|
||||
变量作用范围：在当前shell和子shell有效
|
||||
|
||||
注意：
|
||||
|
||||
环境变量拥有可继承性：export之后就拥有继承性
|
||||
|
||||
永久生效：写到环境变量脚本，/etc/profile ~/.baserc ~/.bash_profile /etc/bashrc
|
||||
|
||||
案例：
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# vim /etc/profile
|
||||
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java
|
||||
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
|
||||
export JAVA_HOME PATH
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# vim ~/.bash_profile (只显示部分)
|
||||
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/mycat/bin
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
/etc/profile
|
||||
|
||||
这是系统最主要的shell设置文件，也是用户登陆时系统最先检查的文件，有关重要的环境变量都定义在此，其中包括PATH,USER,LOGNAME,MAIL,HOSTNAME,HISTSIZE,INPUTRC等。而在文件的最后，它会检查并执行/etc/profile.d/*.sh的脚本
|
||||
|
||||
~/.bash_profile
|
||||
|
||||
这个文件是每位用户的bash环境设置文件，它存在与于用户的主目录中，当系统执行/etc/profile 后，就会接着读取此文件内的设置值。在此文件中会定义USERNAME,BASH_ENV和PATH等环境变量，但是此处PATH除了包含系统的$PATH变量外加入用户的“bin”目录路径
|
||||
|
||||
~/.bashrc
|
||||
|
||||
接下来系统会检查~.bashrc文件，这个文件和前两个文件（/etc/profile 和~.bash_profile）最大的不同是，每次执行bash时，~.bashrc都会被再次读取，也就是变量会再次地设置，而/etc/profile,~./bash_profile只有在登陆时才读取。就是因为要经常的读取，所以~/.bashrc文件只定义一些终端机设置以及shell提示符号等功能，而不是定义环境变量
|
||||
|
||||
~/.bash_login
|
||||
|
||||
如果~/.bash_profile文件不存在，则系统会转而读取~/.bash_login这个文件内容。这是用户的登陆文件，在每次用户登陆系统时，bash都会读此内容，所以通常都会将登陆后必须执行的命令放在这个文件中
|
||||
|
||||
.profile
|
||||
|
||||
如果~./bash_profile ~./bash_login两个文件都不存在，则会使用这个文件的设置内容，其实它的功能与~/.bash_profile相同
|
||||
|
||||
.bash_logout
|
||||
|
||||
如果想在注销shell前执行一些工作，都可以在此文件中设置
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# vi ~.bash_logout
|
||||
clear
|
||||
仅执行一个clear命令在你注销的时候
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
~/.bash_history
|
||||
|
||||
这个文件会记录用户先前使用的历史命令
|
||||
|
||||
注意：
|
||||
|
||||
在/etc/profile.d建立独立的环境变量配置文件
|
||||
|
||||
常用环境变量：USER UID HOME HOSTNAME PWD PATH
|
||||
|
||||
PATH：这个变量存放的是所有命令所在的路径 修改：PATH=$PATH:+目录
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3.位置变量
|
||||
|
||||
$1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9 $10
|
||||
|
||||
案例：
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud sh]# cat xingdian.sh
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
echo "hello $1"
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud sh]# bash xingdian.sh xingdian
|
||||
hello xingdian
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
4.预定义变量
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
$0 脚本名
|
||||
$* 所有的参数
|
||||
$@ 所有的参数
|
||||
$# 参数的个数
|
||||
$$ 当前进程的PID
|
||||
$! 上一个后台进程的PID
|
||||
$? 上一个命令的返回值 0表示成功
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
案例：
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud sh]# cat test.sh
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
echo "第2个位置参数是$2"
|
||||
echo "第1个位置参数是$1"
|
||||
echo "第4个位置参数是$4"
|
||||
|
||||
echo "所有参数是: $*"
|
||||
echo "所有参数是: $@"
|
||||
echo "参数的个数是: $#"
|
||||
echo "当前进程的PID是: $$"
|
||||
|
||||
echo '$1='$1
|
||||
echo '$2='$2
|
||||
echo '$3='$3
|
||||
echo '$*='$*
|
||||
echo '$@='$@
|
||||
echo '$#='$#
|
||||
echo '$$='$$
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 三：变量赋值
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1.显示赋值
|
||||
|
||||
变量名=变量值
|
||||
|
||||
示例：
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# ip1=192.168.1.251
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# school="BeiJing 1000phone"
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# today1=`date +%F`
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# today2=$(date +%F)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2.键盘读入
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
read 变量名
|
||||
read -p "提示信息: " 变量名
|
||||
read -t 5 -p "提示信息: " 变量名 -t 后面跟秒数，定义输入字符的等待时间
|
||||
read -n 2 变量名 -n 后跟一个数字，定义输入文本的长度，很实用。
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
案例1：
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# vim first.sh
|
||||
back_dir1=/var/backup
|
||||
read -p "请输入你的备份目录: " back_dir2
|
||||
echo $back_dir1
|
||||
echo $back_dir2
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# sh first.sh
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
案例2：
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# vim ping2.sh
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
read -p "Input IP: " ip
|
||||
ping -c2 $ip &>/dev/null
|
||||
if [ $? = 0 ];then
|
||||
echo "host $ip is ok"
|
||||
else
|
||||
echo "host $ip is fail"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# chmod a+x ping2.sh
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# ./ping.sh
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
注意：定义或引用变量时注意事项
|
||||
|
||||
" " 弱引用 可以实现变量和命令的替换
|
||||
|
||||
' ' 强引用 不完成变量替换
|
||||
|
||||
反引 命令替换 等价于 $() 反引号中的shell命令会被先执行
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# school=1000phone
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# echo "${school} is good"
|
||||
1000phone is good
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# echo '${school} is good'
|
||||
${school} is good
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# touch `date +%F`_file1.txt
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# touch $(date +%F)_file2.txt
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# disk_free3="df -Ph |grep '/$' |awk '{print $4}'" 错误
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# disk_free4=$(df -Ph |grep '/$' |awk '{print $4}')
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# disk_free5=`df -Ph |grep '/$' |awk '{print $4}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 四：变量运算
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1.整数运算
|
||||
|
||||
方法一：expr
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# expr 1 + 2
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# expr $num1 + $num2 + - \* / %
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
方法二：$(())
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# echo $(($num1+$num2)) + - * / %
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# echo $((num1+num2))
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# echo $((5-3*2))
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# echo $(((5-3)*2))
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# echo $((2**3))
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# sum=$((1+2)); echo $sum
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
方法三：$[]
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# echo $[5+2] + - * / %
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# echo $[5**2]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
方法四：let
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# let sum=2+3; echo $sum
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# let i++; echo $i
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2.小数运算
|
||||
|
||||
使用bc做小数运算，scale指定小数点位数
|
||||
|
||||
加法运算(scale参数无效)
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# echo "5.999 + 5.001"|bc
|
||||
6.000
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# echo "5.111+ 5.1114"|bc
|
||||
10.2224
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
减法运算(scale参数无效)
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# echo "2.22 - 1.11"|bc
|
||||
1.11
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
乘法运算
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# echo "5.12 * 5.6000"|bc
|
||||
28.6720
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
注意：乘积小数点位数默认以乘数中小数点位数最多的为准（不指定scale参数）
|
||||
|
||||
除法运算
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# echo "scale=2;9.898 / 1.11"|bc
|
||||
8.91
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# echo "9.898 / 1.11"|bc
|
||||
8
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 五：扩展
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1.内容的删除
|
||||
|
||||
案例一
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# url=www.sina.com.cn
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# echo ${#url} 获取变量值的长度
|
||||
15
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# echo ${url} 标准查看
|
||||
www.sina.com.cn
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# echo ${url#*.} 从前往后，最短匹配
|
||||
sina.com.cn
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# echo ${url##*.} 从前往后，最长匹配 贪婪匹配
|
||||
cn
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# url=www.sina.com.cn
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# echo ${url#a.}
|
||||
www.sina.com.cn
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# echo ${url#*sina.}
|
||||
com.cn
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
案例二
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# url=www.sina.com.cn
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# echo ${url}
|
||||
www.sina.com.cn
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# echo ${url%.*} 从后往前，最短匹配
|
||||
www.sina.com
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# echo ${url%%.*} 从后往前，最长匹配 贪婪匹配
|
||||
www
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# echo $HOSTNAME
|
||||
xingdian.1000phone.com
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# echo ${HOSTNAME%%.*}
|
||||
xingdian
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2.索引及切片
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# echo ${url:0:5}
|
||||
0:从头开始
|
||||
5:到第五个
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# echo ${url:5:5}
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# echo ${url:5}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3.变量内容替换
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# url=www.sina.com.cn
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# echo ${url/sina/baidu}
|
||||
www.baidu.com.cn
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# url=www.sina.com.cn
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# echo ${url/n/N}
|
||||
www.siNa.com.cn
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# echo ${url//n/N} 贪婪匹配
|
||||
www.siNa.com.cN
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4.自增运算
|
||||
|
||||
对变量的值的影响
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# i=1
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# let i++
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# echo $i
|
||||
2
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# j=1
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# let ++j
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# echo $j
|
||||
2
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
对表达式的值的影响
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# unset i
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# unset j
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]#
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# i=1
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# j=1
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]#
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# let x=i++ 先赋值，再运算
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# let y=++j 先运算，再赋值
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]#
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# echo $i
|
||||
2
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# echo $j
|
||||
2
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]#
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# echo $x
|
||||
1
|
||||
[root@xingdian ~]# echo $y
|
||||
2
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
|
|||
<h1><center>shell并发控制</center></h1>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
------
|
||||
|
||||
## 一：FD文件描述符
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1.FD简述
|
||||
|
||||
FD：文件描述符/文件句柄
|
||||
|
||||
进程使用文件描述符用来管理进程打开的文件
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# ll /proc/$$/fd
|
||||
总用量 0
|
||||
lrwx------. 1 root root 64 4月 16 23:51 0 -> /dev/pts/0
|
||||
lrwx------. 1 root root 64 4月 16 23:51 1 -> /dev/pts/0
|
||||
lrwx------. 1 root root 64 4月 16 23:51 2 -> /dev/pts/0
|
||||
lrwx------. 1 root root 64 4月 16 23:51 255 -> /dev/pts/0
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# touch file1
|
||||
启用自定义文件描述符打开文件
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# exec 6<> file1
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# ll /proc/$$/fd
|
||||
总用量 0
|
||||
lrwx------. 1 root root 64 4月 16 23:51 0 -> /dev/pts/0
|
||||
lrwx------. 1 root root 64 4月 16 23:51 1 -> /dev/pts/0
|
||||
lrwx------. 1 root root 64 4月 16 23:51 2 -> /dev/pts/0
|
||||
lrwx------. 1 root root 64 4月 16 23:51 255 -> /dev/pts/0
|
||||
lrwx------. 1 root root 64 4月 16 23:51 6 -> /root/file1
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# echo "xingdian" > /proc/$$/fd/6
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# cat file1
|
||||
xingdian
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# rm -rf file1
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# ll /proc/$$/fd
|
||||
总用量 0
|
||||
lrwx------. 1 root root 64 4月 16 23:51 0 -> /dev/pts/0
|
||||
lrwx------. 1 root root 64 4月 16 23:51 1 -> /dev/pts/0
|
||||
lrwx------. 1 root root 64 4月 16 23:51 2 -> /dev/pts/0
|
||||
lrwx------. 1 root root 64 4月 16 23:51 255 -> /dev/pts/0
|
||||
lrwx------. 1 root root 64 4月 16 23:51 6 -> '/root/file1 (deleted)'
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# cat /proc/$$/fd/6
|
||||
xingdian
|
||||
释放文件描述符
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# exec 6<&-
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# ll /proc/$$/fd
|
||||
总用量 0
|
||||
lrwx------. 1 root root 64 4月 16 23:51 0 -> /dev/pts/0
|
||||
lrwx------. 1 root root 64 4月 16 23:51 1 -> /dev/pts/0
|
||||
lrwx------. 1 root root 64 4月 16 23:51 2 -> /dev/pts/0
|
||||
lrwx------. 1 root root 64 4月 16 23:51 255 -> /dev/pts/0
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
注意：
|
||||
|
||||
exec打开一个文件
|
||||
|
||||
exec关闭一个文件(释放文件句柄)
|
||||
|
||||
当一个文件FD未被释放，删除源文件也不会影响FD
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2.管道简述
|
||||
|
||||
匿名管道
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# rpm -qa | grep rpm
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
命令管道
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# mkfifo /tmp/xingdian
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# file /tmp/xingdian
|
||||
/tmp/xingdian: fifo (named pipe)
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# tty
|
||||
/dev/pts/0
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# rpm -qa > /tmp/xingdian
|
||||
|
||||
另一个终端
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# grep bash /tmp/xingdian
|
||||
bash-5.1.8-6.el9.x86_64
|
||||
bash-completion-2.11-4.el9.noarch
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# tty
|
||||
/dev/pts/1
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3.FD案例
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# cat a.sh
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
exec 7<> /etc/hosts
|
||||
exec 8<> /etc/hostname
|
||||
|
||||
while read -u 7 line
|
||||
do
|
||||
echo $line
|
||||
done
|
||||
while read -u 8 line2
|
||||
do
|
||||
echo $line2
|
||||
done
|
||||
exec 7<&-
|
||||
exec 8<&-
|
||||
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# bash a.sh
|
||||
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
|
||||
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
|
||||
xingdiancloud
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
4.并发案例
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
#!/usr/bin/bash
|
||||
#固定线程
|
||||
read -p "请输入线程数量：" diange
|
||||
diangefile=/root/diangefile
|
||||
mkfifo $diangefile //虚拟管道
|
||||
exec 8<>$diangefile //文件描述
|
||||
rm -rf $diangefile
|
||||
|
||||
for i in `seq $diange`
|
||||
do
|
||||
echo >&8 //将内容写入到描述文件中,写如了空行
|
||||
done
|
||||
|
||||
for i in {1..100}
|
||||
do
|
||||
read -u 8 //read 读取描述文件中的内容
|
||||
{
|
||||
ip=192.168.101.$i
|
||||
ping -c1 $ip &>/dev/null
|
||||
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
|
||||
echo "$ip is up"
|
||||
else
|
||||
echo "$ip is down"
|
||||
|
||||
fi
|
||||
echo >&8 //等到进程执行完之后再往管道里丢内容以支持后面的循环
|
||||
}&
|
||||
done
|
||||
wait
|
||||
echo "完成"
|
||||
exec 8<&- //释放描述文件
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
|
|||
<h1><center>shell脚本案例</center></h1>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
------
|
||||
|
||||
## 一：脚本案例
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1.配置静态IP案例
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
# This script configures a static IP address on CentOS 7
|
||||
|
||||
# Define variables for the IP address, netmask, gateway, and DNS servers
|
||||
IP_ADDRESS=192.168.1.100
|
||||
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
|
||||
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
|
||||
DNS_SERVERS="8.8.8.8 114.114.114.114"
|
||||
|
||||
# Backup the original network configuration file
|
||||
cp /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33.bak
|
||||
|
||||
# Modify the network configuration file with the static IP address, netmask, gateway, and DNS servers
|
||||
cat << EOF > /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
|
||||
TYPE=Ethernet
|
||||
BOOTPROTO=none
|
||||
NAME=ens33
|
||||
DEVICE=ens33
|
||||
ONBOOT=yes
|
||||
IPADDR=$IP_ADDRESS
|
||||
NETMASK=$NETMASK
|
||||
GATEWAY=$GATEWAY
|
||||
DNS1=${DNS_SERVERS%% *}
|
||||
DNS2=${DNS_SERVERS##* }
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
|
||||
# Restart the network service to apply the changes
|
||||
systemctl restart network
|
||||
|
||||
# Display the new network configuration
|
||||
ip addr show ens33
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
centos stream 9
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
[root@xingdiancloud ~]# bash network.sh
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
#auther：xingdian
|
||||
NET_DIR=`ls /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/`
|
||||
NET_PATH="/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/"
|
||||
read -p "请输入IP地址: " ipadd
|
||||
read -p "请输入子网掩码,例如24: " netmask
|
||||
read -p "请输入默认网关: " gateway
|
||||
read -p "请输入dns地址: " dns
|
||||
read -p "输入设备名字: " name
|
||||
# 备份原配置
|
||||
if [ -f ${NET_PATH}${name}.nmconnection.bak ];then
|
||||
rm -rf ${NET_PATH}${name}.nmconnection.bak
|
||||
else
|
||||
cp ${NET_PATH}${NET_DIR} ${NET_PATH}${NET_DIR}.bak
|
||||
fi
|
||||
cat > ${NET_PATH}${name}.nmconnection <<eof
|
||||
[connection]
|
||||
id=$name
|
||||
uuid=639d6c39-a14a-36f9-b18f-7c1ff3c082d7
|
||||
type=ethernet
|
||||
autoconnect-priority=-999
|
||||
interface-name=$name
|
||||
timestamp=1681589526
|
||||
|
||||
[ethernet]
|
||||
|
||||
[ipv4]
|
||||
method=manual
|
||||
address1=$ipadd/$netmask,$gateway
|
||||
dns=$dns
|
||||
|
||||
[ipv6]
|
||||
addr-gen-mode=eui64
|
||||
method=auto
|
||||
|
||||
[proxy]
|
||||
eof
|
||||
|
||||
nmcli c reload
|
||||
nmcli c up $name
|
||||
|
||||
#systemctl restart NetworkManager
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2.系统初始化脚本
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
#centos7： 初始化脚本
|
||||
#auther：xingdian
|
||||
|
||||
# 防火墙设置
|
||||
|
||||
echo "关闭防火墙和selinux中...."
|
||||
|
||||
echo
|
||||
systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld &> /dev/null
|
||||
|
||||
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
|
||||
echo "防火墙已经成功关闭....."
|
||||
else
|
||||
echo "防火墙关闭失败，请手动关闭！！！"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
setenforce 0 && sed -i '/^SELINUX/c SELINUX=disabled' /etc/selinux/config
|
||||
|
||||
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
|
||||
echo "selinux已经成功关闭....."
|
||||
else
|
||||
echo "selnux关闭失败，请手动关闭！！！"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
echo
|
||||
|
||||
# 外网检测
|
||||
echo "正在检测网络是否能上外网......"
|
||||
|
||||
echo
|
||||
|
||||
ping -c 2 www.baidu.com &> /dev/null
|
||||
|
||||
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
|
||||
echo "网络正常"
|
||||
else
|
||||
echo "网络不可达！"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
echo
|
||||
|
||||
# 配置yum源-这里选用阿里源
|
||||
|
||||
echo "配置yum源中....."
|
||||
echo
|
||||
yum install -y wget &> /dev/null
|
||||
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
|
||||
echo "wget 安装失败........."
|
||||
systemctl restart network
|
||||
yum repolist &> /dev/null
|
||||
sleep 2
|
||||
fi
|
||||
mkdir -p /root/YUM_backup
|
||||
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/* /root/YUM_backup
|
||||
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo &>/dev/null
|
||||
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo &>/dev/null
|
||||
yum clean all &>/dev/null && yum reppolist &>/dev/null
|
||||
echo "你的yum源有:" $(ls /etc/yum.repos.d)
|
||||
sleep 2
|
||||
|
||||
# 配置主机名和host文件
|
||||
|
||||
echo "正在配置你的主机名..."
|
||||
|
||||
echo
|
||||
read -p "请输入你的主机名:" host
|
||||
|
||||
hostname(){
|
||||
hostnamectl set-hostname $host
|
||||
}
|
||||
hostname host && echo -e "主机名设置成功!!"
|
||||
|
||||
echo "正在配置你的hosts文件..."
|
||||
ip=$(ip a | grep ens33 |grep inet |awk '{print $2}' | awk -F"/" '{print $1}')
|
||||
echo "$ip $host" >> /etc/hosts
|
||||
echo "hosts配置完成!!!"
|
||||
|
||||
# 安装基础软件包
|
||||
|
||||
echo "安装基础软件包中....."
|
||||
echo
|
||||
|
||||
yum install -y vim wget unzip yum_utils &>/dev/null
|
||||
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
|
||||
echo "安装完成....."
|
||||
else
|
||||
echo "安装失败..... "
|
||||
fi
|
||||
# 时间同步
|
||||
echo
|
||||
echo "时间同步中……"
|
||||
yum install -y ntpdate &> /dev/null
|
||||
ntpdate cn.pool.ntp.org &> /dev/null
|
||||
file=$(who | head -1 | cut -d" " -f1)
|
||||
echo "* */1 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate cn.pool.ntp.org" > /var/spool/cron/$file
|
||||
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
|
||||
echo "时间同步成功！！！"
|
||||
echo "unset MAILCHECK" >> /etc/profile
|
||||
source /etc/profile &> /dev/null
|
||||
else
|
||||
echo "时间同步失败！！！"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3.获取系统信息
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
#!/bin/bash
|
||||
#此脚本获取系统centos7.x/centos stream9.x
|
||||
#auther：xingdian
|
||||
|
||||
#查看服务器硬件型号
|
||||
hard_type=`dmidecode |grep "Product Name"|tr "\n" " "` #获取服务器型号
|
||||
sn=`dmidecode |grep -A 3 "Product Name" |grep "Serial Number"|grep -v "None"` #获取硬件序列码
|
||||
|
||||
##系统信息
|
||||
version=`cat /etc/redhat-release` #版本
|
||||
kernel=`uname -r` #内核
|
||||
|
||||
##cpu
|
||||
phy_cpu_num=`grep 'physical id' /proc/cpuinfo | sort | uniq | wc -l` #物理CPU数量
|
||||
nuclear=`grep vendor_id /proc/cpuinfo|wc -l` #逻辑核数(线程)
|
||||
|
||||
##内存\Swap
|
||||
mem=`free -m|grep Mem|awk '{print $2"M"}'` #内存总大小
|
||||
user_mem=`free -m|grep Mem|awk '{print $3"M"}'` #已用内存大小
|
||||
swap=`free -m |grep Swap|awk '{print $2"M"}'` #swap总大小
|
||||
user_swap=`free -m |grep Swap|awk '{print $3"M"}'` #已用swap大小
|
||||
|
||||
#最大支持内存数
|
||||
max_memory=`dmidecode|grep -P 'Maximum\s+Capacity'`
|
||||
|
||||
##负载
|
||||
loadavg=`uptime |awk -F: '{print $NF}'` #系统负载
|
||||
|
||||
##网络
|
||||
network=`[[ $(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" www.baidu.com) -eq 200 ]] && echo yes || echo no` #根据curl www.baidu.com的返回状态码来判断是否能上网
|
||||
ip_addr=`ip address|grep -w "inet"|grep -v "127.0.0.1"|awk -F "[ /]+" '{print $3,$NF}'` #获取除了回环地址之外的所有网卡的ip地址和对应的网卡名
|
||||
##磁盘
|
||||
disk_zong=`df -Th | grep -w '/' | awk '{print $3}'` #获取系统盘的总大小
|
||||
disk_user=`df -Th | grep -w '/' | awk '{print $4}'` #获取系统盘已用大小
|
||||
disk_lsbl=`lsblk` #硬盘分区分布
|
||||
##其他
|
||||
system_time=`awk '{a=$1/86400;b=($1%86400)/3600;c=($1%3600)/60;d=$1%60} {printf("%ddays, %d:%d:%d\n",a,b,c,d)}' /proc/uptime` #开机时长
|
||||
sys_begin=`date -d "$(awk -F. '{print $1}' /proc/uptime) second ago" +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"` #开机时间
|
||||
##日志
|
||||
system_log=`du -sh /var/log/ |awk '{print $1}'` #系统日志大小
|
||||
#进程
|
||||
tasks=`top -n1 |grep Tasks |awk '{print $2,$4,6}'` #总 运行 休眠
|
||||
|
||||
system(){
|
||||
echo "
|
||||
|硬件型号：
|
||||
$hard_type
|
||||
|序列号：
|
||||
$sn
|
||||
|版本： $version
|
||||
|内核： $kernel
|
||||
|
||||
|物理CPU个数：$phy_cpu_num 逻辑核数： $nuclear"个"
|
||||
|负载：$loadavg
|
||||
|
||||
|内存： $mem #最大支持内存：$max_memory
|
||||
|已用： $user_mem
|
||||
|swap: $swap
|
||||
|已用: $user_swap
|
||||
|
||||
|是否可以上网： $network
|
||||
|本地IP地址:
|
||||
$ip_addr
|
||||
|
||||
|系统磁盘大小: $disk_zong
|
||||
|系统磁盘已用: $disk_user
|
||||
|日志： 系统日志大小为$system_log
|
||||
|开机： $sys_begin
|
||||
|至今： $system_time
|
||||
硬盘分区
|
||||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
$disk_lsbl
|
||||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
"
|
||||
}
|
||||
system
|
||||
##端口扫描
|
||||
echo "监听的端口扫描
|
||||
----------------------------------------------------------------------"
|
||||
portarray=(`sudo netstat -tnlp|egrep -i "$1"|awk {'print $4'}|awk -F':' '{if ($NF~/^[0-9]*$/) print $NF}'|sort|uniq`)
|
||||
length=${#portarray[@]} #统计元素个数
|
||||
printf "{\n"
|
||||
printf '\t'port":"
|
||||
for ((i=0;i<$length;i++))
|
||||
do
|
||||
printf '\n\t\t{'
|
||||
printf "\"{#TCP_PORT}\":\"${portarray[$i]}\"}"
|
||||
if [ $i -lt $[$length-1] ];then
|
||||
printf ','
|
||||
fi
|
||||
done
|
||||
printf "\n\t\n"
|
||||
printf "}\n"
|
||||
echo "----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4.sshpass登录远程服务器与验证
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
sshpass安装后，可以在控制台输入sshpass命令查看所有选项参数：
|
||||
|
||||
$ sshpass
|
||||
|
||||
Usage: sshpass [-f|-d|-p|-e] [-hV] command parameters
|
||||
|
||||
-f filename Take password to use from file
|
||||
|
||||
-d number Use number as file descriptor for getting password
|
||||
|
||||
-p password Provide password as argument (security unwise)
|
||||
|
||||
-e Password is passed as env-var "SSHPASS"
|
||||
|
||||
With no parameters - password will be taken from stdin
|
||||
|
||||
-P prompt Which string should sshpass search for to detect a password prompt
|
||||
|
||||
-v Be verbose about what you're doing
|
||||
-h Show help (this screen)
|
||||
-V Print version information
|
||||
At most one of -f, -d, -p or -e should be used
|
||||
如上所示，command parameters为你要执行的需要交互式输入密码的命令，如：ssh、scp等。当sshpass没有指定参数时会从stdin获取密码，几个密码输入相关参数如下：
|
||||
-f filename：从文件中获取密码
|
||||
-d number：使用数字作为获取密码的文件描述符
|
||||
-p password：指定明文本密码输入(安全性较差)
|
||||
-e：从环境变量SSHPASS获取密码
|
||||
|
||||
远程连接指定ssh的端口：
|
||||
[root@linuxcool ~]# sshpass -p "password" ssh username@ip
|
||||
本地执行远程机器的命令：
|
||||
[root@linuxcool ~]# sshpass -p "password" ssh -p 8443 username@ip
|
||||
从密码文件读取文件内容作为密码去远程连接主机：
|
||||
[root@linuxcool ~]# sshpass -p xxx ssh root@192.168.11.11 "ethtool eth0"
|
||||
从远程主机上拉取文件到本地：
|
||||
[root@linuxcool ~]# sshpass -p '123456' scp root@host_ip:/home/test/t ./tmp/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5.免密脚本
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
yum -y install expect
|
||||
#生成并拷贝ssh_key到远程机器
|
||||
rm -rf /root/.ssh/*
|
||||
/usr/bin/expect <<EOF
|
||||
set timeout 30
|
||||
spawn ssh-keygen
|
||||
expect "Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):"
|
||||
send "\n"
|
||||
expect "Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):"
|
||||
send "\n"
|
||||
expect "Enter same passphrase again:"
|
||||
send "\n"
|
||||
spawn ssh-copy-id 172.16.70.251
|
||||
expect {
|
||||
"yes/no" { send "yes\n"; exp_continue }
|
||||
"root@172.16.70.251's password:" { send "uplooking\n"}
|
||||
}
|
||||
expect eof
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
ssh-add #将私钥身份添加到 OpenSSH 身份验证代理，从而提高ssh的认证速度
|
||||
==========================================
|
||||
/usr/bin/expect <<eof
|
||||
spawn:生成 spawn ssh 10.18.44.196
|
||||
expect:捕获 expect "password"
|
||||
send:发送 send "1\n"
|
||||
expect eof
|
||||
eof
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue