更新 nginx匹配.md
This commit is contained in:
parent
e4a6490051
commit
35a25ca0a5
588
nginx匹配.md
588
nginx匹配.md
@ -1,294 +1,294 @@
|
||||
<h2><center>Nginx匹配</center></h2>
|
||||
|
||||
------
|
||||
|
||||
## 一：Location匹配
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. location简介
|
||||
|
||||
location 指令是 nginx 中最关键的指令之一，location 指令的功能是用来匹配不同的 URI 请求，进而对请求做不同的处理和响应。
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. location语法
|
||||
|
||||
```nginx
|
||||
Nginx 的 HTTP 配置主要包括三个区块，结构如下：
|
||||
|
||||
http { # 这个是协议级别
|
||||
include mime.types;
|
||||
default_type application/octet-stream;
|
||||
keepalive_timeout 65;
|
||||
gzip on;
|
||||
server { # 这个是服务器级别
|
||||
listen 80;
|
||||
server_name localhost;
|
||||
|
||||
location / { # 这个是请求级别
|
||||
root html;
|
||||
index index.html index.htm;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
location ~ \.(html|jpg)$ {
|
||||
root /web;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
浏览器-->地址栏-->URI -->http:// --> 主机:80 -->http协议块的配置 --> server --> location -->页面内容-->返回客户端浏览器
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```nginx
|
||||
location 区段
|
||||
|
||||
- location 是在 server 块中配置，根据不同的 URI 使用不同的配置，来处理不同的请求。
|
||||
|
||||
- location 是有顺序的，会根据不同请求配置的优先级来匹配的location 处理。
|
||||
|
||||
基本语法如下：
|
||||
location [=|~|~*|^~|@] pattern{……}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. location前缀含义
|
||||
|
||||
```nginx
|
||||
= 表示精确匹配，优先级也是最高的
|
||||
|
||||
^~ 表示uri以某个常规字符串开头,理解为匹配url路径即可
|
||||
~ 表示区分大小写的正则匹配
|
||||
~* 表示不区分大小写的正则匹配
|
||||
|
||||
!~ 表示区分大小写不匹配的正则
|
||||
!~* 表示不区分大小写不匹配的正则
|
||||
/ 通用匹配，任何请求都会匹配到
|
||||
|
||||
@ 内部服务跳转
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. 查找顺序和优先级
|
||||
|
||||
```nginx
|
||||
= 大于 ^~ 大于 ~|~* 大于 !~|!~* 大于 /
|
||||
多个location配置的情况下匹配顺序为：首先匹配 =，其次匹配^~, 其次是按正则匹配，最后是交给 / 通用匹配。当有匹配成功时候，停止匹配，按当前匹配规则处理请求。
|
||||
|
||||
Named Location (location @)： 使用@符号定义的命名位置块不匹配URI前缀，而是根据具体的用途或配置定义来执行内部重定向。它们通常不与请求URI的前缀直接匹配，因此不涉及前缀匹配的优先级。
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. 配置实例
|
||||
|
||||
1. 没有修饰符 表示：必须以指定模式开始
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[root@test ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/test.conf
|
||||
server {
|
||||
listen 80;
|
||||
server_name 192.168.159.130;
|
||||
location / {
|
||||
root /usr/share/nginx/web;
|
||||
index index.html index.htm;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
location /abc {
|
||||
alias /usr/share/nginx/web/a.html;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
测试：
|
||||
[root@test ~]# curl http://192.168.159.130
|
||||
web1
|
||||
[root@test ~]# curl http://192.168.159.130/abc
|
||||
web2
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
2. =表示：必须与指定的模式精确匹配
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[root@test ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/test.conf
|
||||
server {
|
||||
listen 80;
|
||||
server_name 192.168.159.130;
|
||||
location / {
|
||||
root /usr/share/nginx/web;
|
||||
index index.html index.htm;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
location = / {
|
||||
root /usr/share/nginx/web;
|
||||
index index.html index.htm;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
测试：
|
||||
[root@test ~]# curl http://192.168.159.130/
|
||||
/
|
||||
[root@test ~]# curl http://192.168.159.130/a.html
|
||||
= /
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
3. ~ 表示：指定的正则表达式要区分大小写
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[root@test ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/test.conf
|
||||
server {
|
||||
listen 80;
|
||||
server_name 192.168.159.130;
|
||||
location ~ \.(html|jpg|png|js|css|gif|bmp|jpeg)$ {
|
||||
root /usr/share/nginx/web;
|
||||
index index.html index.htm;
|
||||
expires 1d; #为客户端设置静态资源缓存时间
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
测试：
|
||||
[root@test ~]# curl 192.168.159.130:80/index.html
|
||||
web1
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
4. ~* 表示：指定的正则表达式不区分大小写
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[root@test ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/test.conf
|
||||
server {
|
||||
listen 80;
|
||||
server_name 192.168.159.130;
|
||||
location ~* \.(HTML|css)$ {
|
||||
root /usr/share/nginx/web;
|
||||
index index.html index.htm;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
[root@test ~]# curl http://192.168.159.130/a.html
|
||||
= /
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
5. ^~ ：类似于无修饰符的行为，也是以指定模式开始，不同的是，如果模式匹配，那么就停止搜索其他模式了
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 6. 案例
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 7. echo模块
|
||||
|
||||
获取nginx的安装版本：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[root@test ~]# nginx -v
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
下载一个相同版本的nginx包，并解压
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[root@test ~]# wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz
|
||||
[root@test ~]# tar xzf nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
下载echo模块的安装包，并解压到指定位置
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[root@test ~]# wget https://github.com/openresty/echo-nginx-module/archive/v0.61.tar.gz
|
||||
[root@test ~]# tar xzf v0.61.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
安装编译所需软件：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[root@test ~]# yum install -y pcre* openssl* gcc gcc-c++ make
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
获取源nginx的配置：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[root@test ~]# nginx -V
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
添加上原来已经有的参数和新添加的模块：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[root@test ~]# ./configure --prefix=/etc/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-compat --with-file-aio --with-threads --with-http_addition_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_v2_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module --with-stream --with-stream_realip_module --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_ssl_preread_module --add-module=/usr/local/echo-nginx-module-0.61
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
重新编译：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[root@test ~]# make
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
将原来的nignx备份：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[root@test ~]# mv /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/nginx_bak
|
||||
[root@test ~]# cp objs/nginx /usr/sbin/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
重新启动：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[root@test ~]# systemctl restart nginx
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
使用echo：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
配置 $foo=hello
|
||||
[root@test ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
|
||||
[root@test conf.d]# vim echo.conf
|
||||
server {
|
||||
listen 80;
|
||||
server_name localhost;
|
||||
location /test {
|
||||
set $foo hello;
|
||||
echo "foo: $foo";
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
[root@test conf.d]# nginx -s reload
|
||||
[root@test conf.d]# curl localhost/test
|
||||
foo: hello
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 8. alias和root
|
||||
|
||||
- alias 是一个目录别名的定义
|
||||
- root 则是最上层目录的定义
|
||||
|
||||
还有一个重要的区别是alias后面必须要用“/”结束，否则会找不到文件的,而root则可有可无。
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
location /img/ {
|
||||
alias /var/www/image/;
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
若按照上述配置的话，则访问/img/目录里面的文件时，ningx会自动去/var/www/image/目录找文件。
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
location /img/ {
|
||||
root /var/www/image;
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
若按照这种配置的话，则访问/img/目录下的文件时，nginx会去/var/www/image/img/目录下找文件。
|
||||
<h2><center>Nginx匹配</center></h2>
|
||||
|
||||
------
|
||||
|
||||
## 一：Location匹配
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. location简介
|
||||
|
||||
location 指令是 nginx 中最关键的指令之一，location 指令的功能是用来匹配不同的 URI 请求，进而对请求做不同的处理和响应。
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. location语法
|
||||
|
||||
```nginx
|
||||
Nginx 的 HTTP 配置主要包括三个区块，结构如下：
|
||||
|
||||
http { # 这个是协议级别
|
||||
include mime.types;
|
||||
default_type application/octet-stream;
|
||||
keepalive_timeout 65;
|
||||
gzip on;
|
||||
server { # 这个是服务器级别
|
||||
listen 80;
|
||||
server_name localhost;
|
||||
|
||||
location / { # 这个是请求级别
|
||||
root html;
|
||||
index index.html index.htm;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
location ~ \.(html|jpg)$ {
|
||||
root /web;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
浏览器-->地址栏-->URI -->http:// --> 主机:80 -->http协议块的配置 --> server --> location -->页面内容-->返回客户端浏览器
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```nginx
|
||||
location 区段
|
||||
|
||||
- location 是在 server 块中配置，根据不同的 URI 使用不同的配置，来处理不同的请求。
|
||||
|
||||
- location 是有顺序的，会根据不同请求配置的优先级来匹配的location 处理。
|
||||
|
||||
基本语法如下：
|
||||
location [=|~|~*|^~|@] pattern{……}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. location前缀含义
|
||||
|
||||
```nginx
|
||||
= 表示精确匹配，优先级也是最高的
|
||||
|
||||
^~ 表示uri以某个常规字符串开头,理解为匹配url路径即可
|
||||
~ 表示区分大小写的正则匹配
|
||||
~* 表示不区分大小写的正则匹配
|
||||
|
||||
!~ 表示区分大小写不匹配的正则
|
||||
!~* 表示不区分大小写不匹配的正则
|
||||
/ 通用匹配，任何请求都会匹配到
|
||||
|
||||
@ 内部服务跳转
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. 查找顺序和优先级
|
||||
|
||||
```nginx
|
||||
= 大于 ^~ 大于 ~|~* 大于 !~|!~* 大于 /
|
||||
多个location配置的情况下匹配顺序为：首先匹配 =，其次匹配^~, 其次是按正则匹配，最后是交给 / 通用匹配。当有匹配成功时候，停止匹配，按当前匹配规则处理请求。
|
||||
|
||||
Named Location (location @)： 使用@符号定义的命名位置块不匹配URI前缀，而是根据具体的用途或配置定义来执行内部重定向。它们通常不与请求URI的前缀直接匹配，因此不涉及前缀匹配的优先级。
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. 配置实例
|
||||
|
||||
1. 没有修饰符 表示：必须以指定模式开始
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[root@test ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/test.conf
|
||||
server {
|
||||
listen 80;
|
||||
server_name 192.168.159.130;
|
||||
location / {
|
||||
root /usr/share/nginx/web;
|
||||
index index.html index.htm;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
location /abc {
|
||||
alias /usr/share/nginx/web/a.html;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
测试：
|
||||
[root@test ~]# curl http://192.168.159.130
|
||||
web1
|
||||
[root@test ~]# curl http://192.168.159.130/abc
|
||||
web2
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
2. =表示：必须与指定的模式精确匹配
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[root@test ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/test.conf
|
||||
server {
|
||||
listen 80;
|
||||
server_name 192.168.159.130;
|
||||
location / {
|
||||
root /usr/share/nginx/web;
|
||||
index index.html index.htm;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
location = / {
|
||||
root /usr/share/nginx/web;
|
||||
index index.html index.htm;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
测试：
|
||||
[root@test ~]# curl http://192.168.159.130/
|
||||
/
|
||||
[root@test ~]# curl http://192.168.159.130/a.html
|
||||
= /
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
3. ~ 表示：指定的正则表达式要区分大小写
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[root@test ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/test.conf
|
||||
server {
|
||||
listen 80;
|
||||
server_name 192.168.159.130;
|
||||
location ~ \.(html|jpg|png|js|css|gif|bmp|jpeg)$ {
|
||||
root /usr/share/nginx/web;
|
||||
index index.html index.htm;
|
||||
expires 1d; #为客户端设置静态资源缓存时间
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
测试：
|
||||
[root@test ~]# curl 192.168.159.130:80/index.html
|
||||
web1
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
4. ~* 表示：指定的正则表达式不区分大小写
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[root@test ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/test.conf
|
||||
server {
|
||||
listen 80;
|
||||
server_name 192.168.159.130;
|
||||
location ~* \.(HTML|css)$ {
|
||||
root /usr/share/nginx/web;
|
||||
index index.html index.htm;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
[root@test ~]# curl http://192.168.159.130/a.html
|
||||
= /
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
5. ^~ ：类似于无修饰符的行为，也是以指定模式开始，不同的是，如果模式匹配，那么就停止搜索其他模式了
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 6. 案例
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 7. echo模块
|
||||
|
||||
获取nginx的安装版本：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[root@test ~]# nginx -v
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
下载一个相同版本的nginx包，并解压
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[root@test ~]# wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz
|
||||
[root@test ~]# tar xzf nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
下载echo模块的安装包，并解压到指定位置
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[root@test ~]# wget https://github.com/openresty/echo-nginx-module/archive/v0.61.tar.gz
|
||||
[root@test ~]# tar xzf v0.61.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
安装编译所需软件：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[root@test ~]# yum install -y pcre* openssl* gcc gcc-c++ make
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
获取源nginx的配置：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[root@test ~]# nginx -V
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
添加上原来已经有的参数和新添加的模块：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[root@test ~]# ./configure --prefix=/etc/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-compat --with-file-aio --with-threads --with-http_addition_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_v2_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module --with-stream --with-stream_realip_module --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_ssl_preread_module --add-module=/usr/local/echo-nginx-module-0.61
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
重新编译：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[root@test ~]# make
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
将原来的nignx备份：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[root@test ~]# mv /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/nginx_bak
|
||||
[root@test ~]# cp objs/nginx /usr/sbin/
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
重新启动：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
[root@test ~]# systemctl restart nginx
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
使用echo：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
配置 $foo=hello
|
||||
[root@test ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
|
||||
[root@test conf.d]# vim echo.conf
|
||||
server {
|
||||
listen 80;
|
||||
server_name localhost;
|
||||
location /test {
|
||||
set $foo hello;
|
||||
echo "foo: $foo";
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
[root@test conf.d]# nginx -s reload
|
||||
[root@test conf.d]# curl localhost/test
|
||||
foo: hello
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 8. alias和root
|
||||
|
||||
- alias 是一个目录别名的定义
|
||||
- root 则是最上层目录的定义
|
||||
|
||||
还有一个重要的区别是alias后面必须要用“/”结束，否则会找不到文件的,而root则可有可无。
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
location /img/ {
|
||||
alias /var/www/image/;
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
若按照上述配置的话，则访问/img/目录里面的文件时，ningx会自动去/var/www/image/目录找文件。
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
location /img/ {
|
||||
root /var/www/image;
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
若按照这种配置的话，则访问/img/目录下的文件时，nginx会去/var/www/image/img/目录下找文件。
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
x
Reference in New Issue
Block a user