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<h2><center>权限管理</center></h2>
------
## 一：权限管理
### 1. 权限级别
- Global level：系统级，所有库，所有表的权限
- Database level：某个数据库中的所有表的权限
- Table level：库中的某个表的权限
- Column level：表中的某个字段的权限
- procs level：某个存储过程的权限
- proxies level：代理服务器的权限
### 2. 查看权限记录表
因为超级管理员默认已经设置；所以直接查询权限即可
#### Global level
```SQL
mysql> select * from mysql.user\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Host: localhost
User: root
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: Y
Update_priv: Y
Delete_priv: Y
Create_priv: Y
Drop_priv: Y
Reload_priv: Y
Shutdown_priv: Y
Process_priv: Y
File_priv: Y
Grant_priv: Y
References_priv: Y
Index_priv: Y
Alter_priv: Y
Show_db_priv: Y
Super_priv: Y
Create_tmp_table_priv: Y
Lock_tables_priv: Y
Execute_priv: Y
Repl_slave_priv: Y
Repl_client_priv: Y
Create_view_priv: Y
Show_view_priv: Y
Create_routine_priv: Y
Alter_routine_priv: Y
Create_user_priv: Y
Event_priv: Y
Trigger_priv: Y
Create_tablespace_priv: Y
ssl_type:
ssl_cipher:
x509_issuer:
x509_subject:
max_questions: 0
max_updates: 0
max_connections: 0
max_user_connections: 0
plugin: mysql_native_password
authentication_string: *AD894C69730A54BD7AB4A411AC954632A005973A
password_expired: N
password_last_changed: 2025-03-09 17:33:44
password_lifetime: NULL
account_locked: N
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Host: localhost
User: mysql.session
Select_priv: N
Insert_priv: N
Update_priv: N
Delete_priv: N
Create_priv: N
Drop_priv: N
Reload_priv: N
Shutdown_priv: N
Process_priv: N
File_priv: N
Grant_priv: N
References_priv: N
Index_priv: N
Alter_priv: N
Show_db_priv: N
Super_priv: Y
Create_tmp_table_priv: N
Lock_tables_priv: N
Execute_priv: N
Repl_slave_priv: N
Repl_client_priv: N
Create_view_priv: N
Show_view_priv: N
Create_routine_priv: N
Alter_routine_priv: N
Create_user_priv: N
Event_priv: N
Trigger_priv: N
Create_tablespace_priv: N
ssl_type:
ssl_cipher:
x509_issuer:
x509_subject:
max_questions: 0
max_updates: 0
max_connections: 0
max_user_connections: 0
plugin: mysql_native_password
authentication_string: *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE
password_expired: N
password_last_changed: 2025-03-09 17:31:55
password_lifetime: NULL
account_locked: Y
*************************** 3. row ***************************
Host: localhost
User: mysql.sys
Select_priv: N
Insert_priv: N
Update_priv: N
Delete_priv: N
Create_priv: N
Drop_priv: N
Reload_priv: N
Shutdown_priv: N
Process_priv: N
File_priv: N
Grant_priv: N
References_priv: N
Index_priv: N
Alter_priv: N
Show_db_priv: N
Super_priv: N
Create_tmp_table_priv: N
Lock_tables_priv: N
Execute_priv: N
Repl_slave_priv: N
Repl_client_priv: N
Create_view_priv: N
Show_view_priv: N
Create_routine_priv: N
Alter_routine_priv: N
Create_user_priv: N
Event_priv: N
Trigger_priv: N
Create_tablespace_priv: N
ssl_type:
ssl_cipher:
x509_issuer:
x509_subject:
max_questions: 0
max_updates: 0
max_connections: 0
max_user_connections: 0
plugin: mysql_native_password
authentication_string: *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE
password_expired: N
password_last_changed: 2025-03-09 17:31:55
password_lifetime: NULL
account_locked: Y
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
```
字段介绍：
```
用户字段：root
权限字段：Select_priv
安全字段：*B1DD4ADE47888D9AEC4D705C85230F1B52D2A817
Select_priv：查询权限
Insert_priv：插入权限
Update_priv：更新权限
Delete_priv：删除权限
......
```
#### Database level
```SQL
mysql> select * from mysql.db\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Host: localhost
Db: performance_schema
User: mysql.session
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: N
Update_priv: N
Delete_priv: N
Create_priv: N
Drop_priv: N
Grant_priv: N
References_priv: N
Index_priv: N
Alter_priv: N
Create_tmp_table_priv: N
Lock_tables_priv: N
Create_view_priv: N
Show_view_priv: N
Create_routine_priv: N
Alter_routine_priv: N
Execute_priv: N
Event_priv: N
Trigger_priv: N
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Host: localhost
Db: sys
User: mysql.sys
Select_priv: N
Insert_priv: N
Update_priv: N
Delete_priv: N
Create_priv: N
Drop_priv: N
Grant_priv: N
References_priv: N
Index_priv: N
Alter_priv: N
Create_tmp_table_priv: N
Lock_tables_priv: N
Create_view_priv: N
Show_view_priv: N
Create_routine_priv: N
Alter_routine_priv: N
Execute_priv: N
Event_priv: N
Trigger_priv: Y
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
```
测试库权限：
```SQL
mysql> create database t1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all on t1.* to 't1'@'localhost' identified by 'Wdsji@213';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
```
查看：
```SQL
*************************** 3. row ***************************
Host: localhost
Db: t1
User: t1
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: Y
Update_priv: Y
Delete_priv: Y
Create_priv: Y
Drop_priv: Y
Grant_priv: N
References_priv: Y
Index_priv: Y
Alter_priv: Y
Create_tmp_table_priv: Y
Lock_tables_priv: Y
Create_view_priv: Y
Show_view_priv: Y
Create_routine_priv: Y
Alter_routine_priv: Y
Execute_priv: Y
Event_priv: Y
Trigger_priv: Y
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
```
验证：
```SQL
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -ut1 -p'Wdsji@213';
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| t1 |
+--------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
```
#### Table level
```SQL
mysql> select * from mysql.tables_priv\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Host: localhost
Db: mysql
User: mysql.session
Table_name: user
Grantor: boot@connecting host
Timestamp: 0000-00-00 00:00:00
Table_priv: Select
Column_priv:
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Host: localhost
Db: sys
User: mysql.sys
Table_name: sys_config
Grantor: root@localhost
Timestamp: 2025-03-09 17:31:55
Table_priv: Select
Column_priv:
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
```
创建库表验证：
```SQL
mysql> create database t2;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use t2;
Database changed
mysql> create table u1(id int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into u1 values(1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> grant all on t2.u1 to 't2'@'localhost' identified by 'Wxhfua@3414';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> create table u2(id int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+--------------+
| Tables_in_t2 |
+--------------+
| u1 |
| u2 |
+--------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
```
权限查看：
```SQL
mysql> select * from mysql.tables_priv\G
*************************** 3. row ***************************
Host: localhost
Db: t2
User: t2
Table_name: u1
Grantor: root@localhost
Timestamp: 0000-00-00 00:00:00
Table_priv: Select,Insert,Update,Delete,Create,Drop,References,Index,Alter,Create View,Show view,Trigger
Column_priv:
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
```
验证：（登录t2账户，看到u1表，看不到u2代表权限成功）
```SQL
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -ut2 -p'Wxhfua@3414'
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| t2 |
+--------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use t2
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+--------------+
| Tables_in_t2 |
+--------------+
| u1 |
+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
```
#### Column level
```SQL
mysql> select * from mysql.columns_priv\G
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into mysql.columns_priv(host,db,user,table_name,column_name,column_priv) values('%','t2','t2','u1','id','select');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from mysql.columns_priv\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Host: %
Db: t2
User: t2
Table_name: u1
Column_name: id
Timestamp: 2025-03-11 19:37:00
Column_priv: Select
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
```
注意：
​ 前提是有库，有表，有权限
## 二：用户管理
### 1. 登录和退出
```bash
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -h 192.168.18.160 -P 3306 -u root -pmysql -e "show databases;"
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -h 192.168.18.160 -P 3306 -u root -pmysql mysql -e "show tables;"
```
### 2. 创建用户
方式一：
```SQL
mysql> create user wxin;
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
注意：
该报错是因为密码强度问题，取消密码强度即可创建用户
mysql> create user wxin@'%' identified by 'Wfsf@31241';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
```
方式二：
```SQL
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'Wxin'@'localhost' identified by 'Wfsf@31241';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
```
注意：
​ 该方式采用授权的方式
​ ALL 所有权限 select 单独某一个权限（多个权限用逗号隔开）
```SQL
mysql> grant select on *.* to 'Wxin'@'localhost' identified by 'Wfsf@31241';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
```
```
*.* 所有的库所有的表 也可以单独某一个库某一个表
```
```
root@localhost 用户有则授权无则创建 localhost % 10.19.40.% 10.19.40.11
```
### 3. 删除用户
方式一：
```SQL
mysql> drop user wxin@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
```
方式二：
```SQL
ysql> delete from mysql.user where user='Wxin' and Host='%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
```
### 4. 修改密码
方式一：
```SQL
[root@mysql ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'Wxin@123456' password 'Wxin@123'
```
方式二：
```SQL
mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string=password(123456) where user='Wxin' and Host='%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 0 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1
mysql> flush privileges;
```
注意：
​ 刷新授权表后生效：flush privileges
自己设置自己密码：
```SQL
mysql> set password='Wxin@123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
```
root用户修改其他用户密码：
方法一：
```SQL
mysql> set password for wxin@'localhost'='Wxin@123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
```
方式二：
```SQL
mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('Wxin@123') where user='wxin' and host='localhost';
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1
```
### 5. 查看密码策略
```SQL
mysql> show variables like 'validate_password%';
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| validate_password_check_user_name | OFF |
| validate_password_dictionary_file | |
| validate_password_length | 8 |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count | 1 |
| validate_password_number_count | 1 |
| validate_password_policy | MEDIUM |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 1 |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
7 rows in set (0.01 sec)
```
参数解释：
- validate_password_dictionary_file 指定密码验证的文件路径
- validate_password_length 密码最小长度
- validate_password_mixed_case_count 密码至少要包含的小写字母个数和大写字母个数
- validate_password_number_count 密码至少要包含的数字个数
- validate_password_policy 密码强度检查等级，对应等级为：0/LOW、1/MEDIUM、2/STRONG,默认为1
1. 0/LOW：只检查长度
2. 1/MEDIUM：检查长度、数字、大小写、特殊字符
3. 2/STRONG：检查长度、数字、大小写、特殊字符字典文件
- validate_password_special_char_count密码至少要包含的特殊字符数
修改密码策略：
```SQL
mysql> show variables like 'validate_password%';
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| validate_password_check_user_name | OFF |
| validate_password_dictionary_file | |
| validate_password_length | 8 |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count | 1 |
| validate_password_number_count | 1 |
| validate_password_policy | MEDIUM |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 1 |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
7 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> set global validate_password_length=4;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'validate_password%';
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| validate_password_check_user_name | OFF |
| validate_password_dictionary_file | |
| validate_password_length | 4 |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count | 1 |
| validate_password_number_count | 1 |
| validate_password_policy | MEDIUM |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 1 |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
```
关闭密码策略：
```SQL
修改配置文件，添加以下参数：
[root@mysql ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
validate_password=off
```