2025-03-12 15:46:57 +08:00
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<h2><center>数据库日志管理</center></h2>
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------
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## 一：日志管理
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### 1. 日志分类
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- error log（错误日志）：启动，停止，关闭失败报错。rpm安装日志位置 /var/log/mysqld.log
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- 通用查询日志：所有的查询都记下来
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- bin log（二进制日志）：实现备份，增量备份。只记录改变数据，除了select都记
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- relay log（中继日志）：读取主服务器的binlog，在本地回放。保持一致
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- slow log（慢查询日志）：指导调优，定义某一个查询语句，定义超时时间，通过日志提供调优建议给开发人员
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- DDL log： 定义语句的日志
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### 2. Error log
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```shell
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log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
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```
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### 3. Binary Log
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产生binlog日志：修改配置文件,添加如下配置
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```bash
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log-bin=/var/log/mysql-bin/slave2
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server-id=2
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[root@mysql ~]# mkdir /var/log/mysql-bin
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[root@mysql ~]# chown mysql.mysql /var/log/mysql-bin/
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[root@mysql ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
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```
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注：
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```sql
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1. 重启mysqld 会截断旧日志产生新的日志
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2. 刷新日志会截断旧日志产生新的日志
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mysql> flush logs
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3. 删除所有binlog（禁用）
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mysql> reset master
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4. 删除部分日志
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mysql> PURGE BINARY LOGS TO 'mysql-bin.010';
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mysql> PURGE BINARY LOGS BEFORE '2016-04-02 22:46:26';
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5. 暂停binlog日志功能（仅对当前会话生效）
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mysql> SET SQL_LOG_BIN=0;
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mysql> SET SQL_LOG_BIN=1;
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```
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**读取binlog日志：**
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```bash
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mysqlbinlog mysql.000001
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```
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**按datetime读取：**
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```bash
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# mysqlbinlog mysql.000001 --start-datetime="2018-12-05 10:02:56"
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# mysqlbinlog mysql.000001 --stop-datetime="2018-12-05 11:02:54"
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# mysqlbinlog mysql.000001 --start-datetime="2018-12-05 10:02:56" --stop-datetime="2018-12-05 11:02:54"
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```
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**按position读取：**
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```bash
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# mysqlbinlog mysql.000001 --start-position=260
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# mysqlbinlog mysql.000001 --stop-position=260
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# mysqlbinlog mysql.000001 --start-position=260 --stop-position=930
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```
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### 4. Slow Query Log
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开启慢查询日志：
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```bash
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[root@mysql ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
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slow_query_log=1
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slow_query_log_file=/var/log/mysql-slow/slow.log
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long_query_time=3 设置慢查询超时时间 单位是：秒
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```
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创建对应目录：
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```bash
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[root@mysql ~]# mkdir /var/log/mysql-slow
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[root@mysql ~]# chown mysql.mysql /var/log/mysql-slow/
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```
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重启服务：
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```bash
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[root@mysql ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
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```
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验证：
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```SQL
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[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p'Wdjsi@313'
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mysql> select sleep(6);
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+----------+
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| sleep(6) |
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+----------+
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| 0 |
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+----------+
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1 row in set (6.00 sec)
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mysql> exit
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Bye
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[root@mysql ~]# cat /var/log/mysql-slow/slow.log
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/usr/sbin/mysqld, Version: 5.7.30-log (MySQL Community Server (GPL)). started with:
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Tcp port: 0 Unix socket: /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
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Time Id Command Argument
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# Time: 2025-03-11T11:20:18.734540Z
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# User@Host: root[root] @ localhost [] Id: 2
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# Query_time: 6.001048 Lock_time: 0.000000 Rows_sent: 1 Rows_examined: 0
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SET timestamp=1741692018;
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select sleep(6);
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```
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