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软件管理.md
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软件管理.md
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<h2><center>软件管理</center></h2>
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------
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## 一:YUM 包管理工具
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YUM 是基于 RPM 的前端工具,支持自动解决依赖关系。
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### 1. 基本操作
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安装软件包:
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```bash
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yum install package_name
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# 例:安装 httpd
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yum install httpd
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# 重新安装
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yum reinstall package_name
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```
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更新软件包:
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```bash
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yum update package_name
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# 更新所有软件包
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yum update
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```
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卸载软件包:
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```bash
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yum remove package_name
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# 例:卸载 httpd
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yum remove httpd
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```
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搜索软件包:
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```bash
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yum search keyword
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# 例:搜索与 PHP 相关的包
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yum search php
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# 查询命令提供者
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yum provides package_name
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# 查询yum源
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yum repolist
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```
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查看软件信息:
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```bash
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yum info package_name
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```
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列出已安装的软件:
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```bash
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yum list installed
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```
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### 2. 管理软件仓库(Repositories)
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启用/禁用仓库:
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- 修改仓库配置文件(位于 `/etc/yum.repos.d/`),设置 `enabled=1`(启用)或 `enabled=0`(禁用)。
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- 临时禁用仓库:
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```bash
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yum --disablerepo=repo_name install package_name
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```
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### 3. 清理缓存
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```bash
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yum clean all # 清理所有缓存
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yum makecache # 重建缓存
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```
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## 二:RPM 包管理工具
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RPM 直接操作 `.rpm` 文件,适合本地软件包管理。
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### 1. 安装本地 RPM 包
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```bash
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rpm -ivh package.rpm
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```
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### 2. 升级 RPM 包
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```bash
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rpm -Uvh package.rpm
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```
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### 3. 卸载 RPM 包
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```bash
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rpm -e package_name
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```
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### 4. 查询已安装的包
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```bash
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rpm -qa | grep keyword
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```
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### 5. 查看包依赖
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```bash
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yum deplist package_name
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```
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## 三:编译安装工具
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### 1. 安装编译工具和依赖
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编译前需安装开发工具链和依赖库:
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```bash
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[root@wxin ~]# yum groupinstall "Development Tools" # 安装编译工具(gcc/make等)
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[root@wxin ~]# yum install -y epel-release # 启用EPEL仓库
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[root@wxin ~]# yum install -y pkgconfig openssl-devel zlib-devel libxml2-devel # 示例:安装常见依赖
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```
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### 2. 下载源码包
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通过 `wget` 或浏览器下载源码包(通常为 `.tar.gz` 或 `.tar.xz`):
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```bash
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[root@wxin ~]# wget https://example.com/software-1.0.0.tar.gz
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```
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### 3. 解压源码包
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```bash
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[root@wxin ~]# tar -zxvf software-1.0.0.tar.gz # 解压 .tar.gz
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[root@wxin ~]# cd software-1.0.0 # 进入源码目录
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```
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### 4. 配置编译选项
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使用 `./configure` 检查系统环境并生成 Makefile:
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```bash
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[root@wxin ~]# ./configure \
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--prefix=/usr/local/software \ # 指定安装目录(默认是 /usr/local)
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--enable-feature \ # 启用特定功能
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--disable-deprecated # 禁用不推荐的功能
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```
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**常见问题处理:**
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如果报错 `configure: error: missing XXX library`:
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```bash
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[root@wxin ~]# yum search XXX # 查找缺失的依赖包
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[root@wxin ~]# yum install XXX-devel # 安装开发包(注意安装 -devel 后缀的包)
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```
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### 5. 编译源码
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```bash
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[root@wxin ~]# make -j $(nproc) # 使用多核CPU加速编译(例如4核CPU用 -j4)
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```
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### 6. 安装软件
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```bash
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[root@wxin ~]# make install # 将编译好的文件安装到 --prefix 指定目录
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```
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### 7. 配置环境变量(可选)
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如果安装到自定义目录(如 `/usr/local/software/bin`),需添加 PATH:
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```bash
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[root@wxin ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/software/bin:$PATH' >> ~/.bashrc
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[root@wxin ~]# source ~/.bashrc
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```
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### 8. 验证安装
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```bash
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[root@wxin ~]# software --version # 检查是否输出正确版本
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```
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