2025-05-17 14:29:18 +08:00
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<h2><center>kubernetes DashBoard</center></h2>
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------
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## 一：DashBoard
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之前在kubernetes中完成的所有操作都是通过命令行工具kubectl完成的。其实，为了提供更丰富的用户体验，kubernetes还开发了一个基于web的用户界面（Dashboard）。用户可以使用Dashboard部署容器化的应用，还可以监控应用的状态，执行故障排查以及管理kubernetes中各种资源。
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### 1. 部署Dashboard
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**下载yaml，并运行Dashboard**
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```bash
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# 下载yaml
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[root@master ~]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.5.1/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
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# 修改kubernetes-dashboard的Service类型
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[root@master ~]# vim recommended.yaml
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kind: Service
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apiVersion: v1
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metadata:
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labels:
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k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
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name: kubernetes-dashboard
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namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
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spec:
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type: NodePort
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ports:
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- port: 443
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targetPort: 8443
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nodePort: 30001
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selector:
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k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
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# 部署
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[root@master ~]# kubectl create -f recommended.yaml
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# 查看namespace下的kubernetes-dashboard下的资源
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[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods,svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
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NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
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pod/dashboard-metrics-scraper-799d786dbf-rqftt 1/1 Running 0 7m46s
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pod/kubernetes-dashboard-fb8648fd9-wmqwv 1/1 Running 0 7m46s
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NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
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service/dashboard-metrics-scraper ClusterIP 10.108.205.40 <none> 8000/TCP 7m46s
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service/kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.102.51.227 <none> 443:30001/TCP 7m46s
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```
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**创建访问账户，获取token**
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```bash
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# 创建账号
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[root@master ~]# kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kubernetes-dashboard
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serviceaccount/dashboard-admin created
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# 授权
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[root@master ~]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin-rb --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kubernetes-dashboard:dashboard-admin
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clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/dashboard-admin-rb created
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# 获取账号token
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[root@master ~]# kubectl get secrets -n kubernetes-dashboard | grep dashboard-admin
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dashboard-admin-token-w49cf kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 13s
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[root@master ~]# kubectl describe secrets dashboard-admin-token-w49cf -n kubernetes-dashboard
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Name: dashboard-admin-token-w49cf
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Namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
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Labels: <none>
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Annotations: kubernetes.io/service-account.name: dashboard-admin
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kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 97f46627-fdc0-4379-8588-cf18f697e623
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Type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
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Data
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====
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namespace: 20 bytes
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token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6InNQU3pOVFpLVmlwVHM3em5vZUV3S2xTbGZmc3g4M3BhTlZiTGExdlRkZTgifQ.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.bL6DuuI9j0Hn2WUaMgrzqxrPVHJuhNXBMAD-enK-SN_--hFh7zXVQLbU63caR6wCtPh5xjpWMm6jiKPu5oAeUZcumJbgpnTk6aYiRGu3h8i_IN_mrUdCsgu4ux_AeZuoj3gu83aMoHoG9GRZi--0TOJYeRm6lGToNMad_vXPBvCnZmgV9QDRdmjBtLt4cfz816PIWdLC0-36R4QnVWNVGqyEkeTnqYYWQIlL13hmbUfGaz7ZnkxYLnFO6uvKd9DSrb7jU9hzLY_MoOST11G-BUzcGaiGutgrbGobMGBKzB2vFLuKswxwyXQcshPxkWw3ieg8x7_WLGt-V7E2G2x0tw
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ca.crt: 1099 bytes
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```
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⚠️ **浏览器安全警告处理**：
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- 如果是自签名证书，浏览器会阻止访问。
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- **临时解决方案**：在页面任意位置输入 `thisisunsafe`（Chrome/Edge 有效）。
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- **长期方案**：将集群的 CA 证书导入系统信任库。
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**通过浏览器访问Dashboard的UI**
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在登录页面上输入上面的token
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出现下面的页面代表成功
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### 2. 使用Dashboard
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本章节以Deployment为例演示DashBoard的使用
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**查看**
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选择指定的命名空间dev，然后点击Deployments，查看dev空间下的所有deployment
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**扩缩容**
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在Deployment上点击缩放，然后指定目标副本数量，点击确定
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**编辑**
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在Deployment上点击编辑，然后修改yaml文件，点击确定
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**查看Pod**
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点击Pods, 查看pods列表
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**操作Pod**
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2025-05-17 14:25:24 +08:00
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选中某个Pod，可以对其执行日志（logs）、进入执行（exec）、编辑、删除操作
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