308 lines
7.6 KiB
Markdown
308 lines
7.6 KiB
Markdown
|
<h2><center>Docker 镜像容器管理</center></h2>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
------
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 一：镜像管理
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 1. 搜索镜像
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
这种方法只能用于官方镜像库
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker search centos
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
按星级搜索镜像，例如查找 star 数至少为 100 的镜像，默认不加 s 选项找出所有相关 ubuntu 镜像
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker search ubuntu -f stars=100
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 2. 拉取镜像
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker pull centos
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 3. 查看本地镜像
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker images
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 4. 查看镜像详情
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker image inspect 镜像id
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
只查看所有镜像的id
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker images -q
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
查看镜像制作的过程，相当于Dockerfile
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker history centos:latest
|
|||
|
|
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
|
|||
|
|
5d0da3dc9764 3 years ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/bash"] 0B
|
|||
|
|
<missing> 3 years ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL org.label-schema.sc… 0B
|
|||
|
|
<missing> 3 years ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:805cb5e15fb6e0bb0… 231MB
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 5. 删除镜像
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
删除一个或多个，多个之间用空格隔开，可以使用镜像名称或id
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker rmi redis:latest
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**强制删除**
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
如果镜像正在被使用，可用--force强制删除
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker rmi mysql:5.7 --force
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**删除所有镜像**
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker rmi $(docker images -q)
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 6. 给镜像打个 tag
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker tag centos:latest centos:v7
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 二：容器管理
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 1. 创建新容器但不启动
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker create --name="centos-v7" -it centos:latest /bin/bash
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 2. 创建并运行一个新容器
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker run -it -d --name="mysql-v5.7" --restart=always mysql:5.7 /bin/bash
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
语法格式：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```shell
|
|||
|
|
docker run [选项] <镜像名> [命令]
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
选项：
|
|||
|
|
-v：文件映射，格式为：主机目录：容器目录
|
|||
|
|
-d: 后台运行容器，并返回容器ID；
|
|||
|
|
-i: 以交互模式运行容器，通常与 -t 同时使用
|
|||
|
|
-p: 端口映射，格式为：主机(宿主)端口:容器端口
|
|||
|
|
-P: 自动将容器所有暴露的端口映射到宿主机随机端口
|
|||
|
|
-t: 为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端，通常与 -i 同时使用
|
|||
|
|
-u: 以指定用户身份运行容器
|
|||
|
|
-h: "mars": 指定容器的hostname；
|
|||
|
|
-e: username="ritchie": 设置环境变量
|
|||
|
|
--name="nginx-lb": 为容器指定一个名称；
|
|||
|
|
--dns 8.8.8.8: 指定容器使用的DNS服务器，默认和宿主一致
|
|||
|
|
--dns-search example.com: 指定容器DNS搜索域名，默认和宿主一致
|
|||
|
|
--restart=always: 容器随docker engine自启动，因为重启docker时默认容器都会被关闭,也适用于create子命令
|
|||
|
|
--cpuset-cpus="0-2" or --cpuset-cpus="0,1,2": 绑定容器到指定CPU运行
|
|||
|
|
--privileged 以特权模式运行
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 3. 查看容器
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
只查看运行状态的容器
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker ps
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
查看所有容器
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
只查看容器`id`
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a -q
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
列出最近一次启动的容器
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -l
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**查看容器详细信息**
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
用于查看容器的配置信息，包含容器名、环境变量、运行命令、主机配置、网络配置和数据卷配置等。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker inspect 9777
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
比如：容器里在安装ip或ifconfig命令之前，查看网卡IP显示容器IP地址和端口号，如果输出是空的说明没有配置IP地址（不同的Docker容器可以通过此IP地址互相访问）
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker inspect --format='{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}' 9777
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 4. 启动容器
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker start 容器名称
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
重启
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker restart 容器名称
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 5. 关闭容器
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker stop 容器名称
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker kill 容器名称
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
关闭所有running状态的容器
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker kill $(docker ps -q)
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 6. 删除容器
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker rm 容器id或名称
|
|||
|
|
要删除一个运行中的容器，添加 -f 参数
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
根据状态删除所有容器
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker rm $(docker ps -qf status=exited)
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 7. 暂停、恢复容器
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
暂停容器
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker pause name
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
恢复容器
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker unpause name
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 8. 修改容器名称
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker rename mytest test
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 9. 动态显示容器的资源消耗情况
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker stats 容器名称
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 10. 输出容器端口与宿主机端口的映射情况
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker port 容器名称
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 11. 连接容器
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**attach**
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker attach 容器id
|
|||
|
|
前提是容器创建时必须指定了交互shell
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**exec**
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
通过exec命令可以创建两种任务：后台型任务和交互型任务
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
交互型任务
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
后台型任务
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker exec 容器id touch /testfile
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 12. 断开与容器的连接且关闭容器
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@96d1f135e795 /]# exit
|
|||
|
|
快捷键ctrl+d
|
|||
|
|
如果只想断开和容器的连接而不关闭容器可使用快捷键ctrl+p+q
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 13. 监控容器运行
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**logs**
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
可以通过使用docker logs命令来查看容器的运行日志，其中--tail选项可以指定查看最后几条日志，而-t选项则可以对日志条目附加时间戳。使用-f选项可以跟踪日志的输出，直到手动停止。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker logs App_Container //不同终端操作
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker logs -f App_Container
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker run -itd --name mytest docker.io/centos /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo hello world; sleep 2; done"
|
|||
|
|
37738fe3d6f9ef26152cb25018df9528a89e7a07355493020e72f147a291cd17
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker logs mytest
|
|||
|
|
hello world
|
|||
|
|
hello world
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
docker run -itd --name mytest 298ec /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo hello world; sleep 2; done"
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**top**
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
显示一个运行的容器里面的进程信息
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker top mysql-v5.7
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**events**
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
实时输出Docker服务器端的事件，包括容器的创建，启动，关闭等
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker start mysql-v5.7
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker events //不同终端操作
|
|||
|
|
2025-03-31T20:10:17.222402344+08:00 network connect e83d539b24e4feb53840b16cc3213ccb74fc660de2540d3ce60036df2f4177cf (container=9777c67416eecb90140a02ddacf7c1c8e5f6514553580f4a10ab7e2946cb82c3, name=bridge, type=bridge)
|
|||
|
|
2025-03-31T20:10:17.223307361+08:00 volume mount 4de49ba26655f7c8eed55cf8b539ddc409b784f831d1f642e554bf2b7d31b581 (container=9777c67416eecb90140a02ddacf7c1c8e5f6514553580f4a10ab7e2946cb82c3, destination=/var/lib/mysql, driver=local, propagation=, read/write=true)
|
|||
|
|
2025-03-31T20:10:17.370632114+08:00 container start 9777c67416eecb90140a02ddacf7c1c8e5f6514553580f4a10ab7e2946cb82c3 (image=mysql:5.7, name=mysql-v5.7)
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**wait（X）**
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
执行此命令后，该命令会"hang"在当前终端，直到容器停止，此时，会打印出容器的退出码
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker wait 容器id
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**diff**
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
查看容器内发生改变的文件，以centos-v7容器为例
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
[root@96d1f135e795 /]# touch c.txt
|
|||
|
|
[root@96d1f135e795 /]# exit
|
|||
|
|
[root@docker ~]# docker diff centos-v7
|
|||
|
|
C /root
|
|||
|
|
A /root/.bash_history
|
|||
|
|
A /c.txt
|
|||
|
|
```
|