211 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
211 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
<h2><center> Ansible变量 </center></h2>
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------
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## 一：变量
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### 1. 语法格式
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```shell
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变量调用语法：
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{{ var_name }}
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```
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### 2. 案例一
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通过命令行传递变量：（通过--extra-vars或-e选项来传递key=value变量）
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```bash
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[root@ansible-server ~]# ansible-playbook release.yml -e "user=starbuck"
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```
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传递字典：
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```bash
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[root@ansible-server ~]# ansible-playbook conf.yml -e '{"conf81":"/root/81.conf","conf82":"/root/conf82"}'
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```
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### 3.案例二
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创建变量目录
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```bash
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[root@ansible-server ~]# mkdir /etc/ansible/vars
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[root@ansible-server ~]# cd /etc/ansible/vars/
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```
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创建变量文件
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```bash
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[root@ansible-server vars]# vim file.yml
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src_path: /root/test/a.txt
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dest_path: /opt/test/
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```
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创建一个测试文件
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```bash
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[root@ansible-server vars]# mkdir /root/test
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[root@ansible-server vars]# echo 123 >/root/test/a.txt
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```
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创建playbook引用变量文件
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```bash
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[root@ansible-server vars]# cd /etc/ansible/
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[root@ansible-server ansible]# vim vars.yml
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- hosts: ansible-web1
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user: root
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vars_files:
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- /etc/ansible/vars/file.yml
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tasks:
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- name: create directory
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file: path={{ dest_path }} mode=755 state=directory
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- name: copy file
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copy: src={{ src_path }} dest={{ dest_path }}
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```
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检测语法：
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```bash
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[root@ansible-server ansible]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check vars.yml
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playbook: vars.yml
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```
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运行剧本：
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```bash
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[root@ansible-server ansible]# ansible-playbook vars.yml
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```
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### 4.案例三
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文件中包含变量
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```bash
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[root@ansible-server ansible]# vim conf.yml
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- hosts: ansible-web1
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remote_user: root
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vars:
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httpd:
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conf80: /root/80.conf
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conf8080: /root/8080.conf
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tasks:
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- name: task1
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file:
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path: "{{httpd.conf80}}"
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state: touch
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- name: task2
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file:
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path: "{{httpd.conf8080}}"
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state: touch
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```
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检测语法：
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```bash
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[root@ansible-server ansible]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check conf.yml
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```
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运行剧本:
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```BASH
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[root@ansible-server ansible]# ansible-playbook conf.yml
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```
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### 5.案例四
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在主机清单中定义变量
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```bash
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[root@ansible-server ansible]# tail -5 /etc/ansible/hosts
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[web]
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10.0.0.111
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[web:vars]
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conf81=ppp
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conf82=ooo
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```
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创建剧本
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```bash
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[root@ansible-server ansible]# cat conf.yml
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- hosts: web
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remote_user: root
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tasks:
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- name: task1
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file:
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path: "{{ conf81 }}"
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state: touch
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- name: task2
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file:
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path: "{{ conf82 }}"
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state: touch
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```
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语法检测
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```bash
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[root@xingdian ansible]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check conf.yml
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```
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运行剧本
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```bash
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[root@xingdian ansible]# ansible-playbook conf.yml
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```
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### 6.案例五
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set_fact自定义facts变量
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set_fact模块可以自定义facts，这些自定义的facts可以通过template或者变量的方式在playbook中使用。如果你想要获取一 个进程使用的内存的百分比，则必须通过set_fact来进行计算之后得出其值，并将其值在playbook中引用
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配置mysql innodb buffer size的示例
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```yml
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- name: Configure MySQL
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hosts: web
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tasks:
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- name: Calculate InnoDB buffer pool size
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set_fact: innodb_buffer_pool_size_mb="{{ ansible_swapfree_mb / 2 }}"
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- name: nihao
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template: src=/my.cnf dest=/etc/my.cnf owner=root group=root mode=0644
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```
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参数说明
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```hell
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set_fact: innodb_buffer_pool_size_mb="{{ ansible_memtotal_mb / 2 }}"
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通过sey_fact去定义，而不是直接执行
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template: src=templates/my.cnf dest=/etc/my.cnf owner=root group=root mode=0644
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template：这个是一个模板 可以传变量
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```
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my.cnf文件
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```shell
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[mysqld]
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datadir=/var/lib/mysql
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socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
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# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted
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security risks
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symbolic-links=0
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# Configure the buffer pool
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innodb_buffer_pool_size = {{ innodb_buffer_pool_size_mb|int }}M
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[mysqld_safe]
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log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
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pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
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```
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